Impedance cardiographic hemodynamic variables and hypertension in elderly Han residents

Abstract

Objective We studied the relationship between systolic blood pressure and hemodynamics using impedance cardiography in elderly Han residents in order to evaluate how different hemodynamic variables are altered with normal aging and with hypertension superimposed on aging.MethodsA total of 670 subjects, aged 60–93 years, were evaluated with impedance cardiography for non-invasive hemodynamic variables. The subjects were categorized as hypertensives or normotensives, and then they were also divided into six subgroups according to actual systolic blood pressure values.Results Hypertensive patients had significantly lower values of cardiac output (4.4 ± 1.5 L/min) and cardiac index (2.6 ± 1.0 L/min/m2) than those in the normotensive group (4.7 ± 1.5 L/min, and 2.8 ± 0.8 L/min/m2, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Compared to the normotensive group, stroke volume and stroke index values were also lower and systemic vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance index were higher in the hypertensive group. There were no significant differences in left ventricular stroke work and left ventricular stroke work index between the two groups. When all 670 subjects were stratified to actual blood pressure, cardiac output of group 6 patients (systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg) was 19% lower than that of group 1 subjects (SBP <140 mmHg; P < 0.05). Similarly, systemic vascular resistance of group 6 patients was 56% higher than that of group 1 subjects (P < 0.05).ConclusionWith aging, arterial systolic blood pressure is elevated as a result of increased arterial stiffness and increased systemic vascular resistance. With hypertension, these values are further elevated. Non-invasive impedance cardiography helps to characterize the hemodynamic mechanisms, which can improve hypertension management.

Impedance cardiography – Old method, new opportunities. Part I. Clinical applications

“…The use of ICG for diagnosing of patients with hypertension allows a more precise explanation of the mechanism of the disease in the individual patient and apply suitable therapy. This was confirmed in the study by Xiajuan et al [7], in which the use of ICG allowed to assess the relationship between systolic blood pressure and the registered hemodynamic parameters in the population of Shanghai. The sample comprised 670 persons aged 60-93 years, each of whom was assigned to 1 of the 6 subgroups according to the value of blood pressure.…”

Correlation between impedance cardiography and 6 min walk distance in atrial fibrillation patients

“…In previous published study, non-invasive impedance cardiography has been used to reveal heterogeneity of hemodynamic parameters in primary hypertension [ 18 , 19 ] and guide antihypertensive therapy [ 19 – 21 ]. However, there is no published data studying the role of impedance cardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation or the correlation between hemodynamic parameters and 6MWD.…”

Preejection Period as a Sympathetic Activity Index: a Role of Confounding Factors

“…The PEP, thoracic fluid content (TFC)a measure of preload, and cardiac output (CO) were recorded by impedance cardiography (CardioScreen ® 2000, Medis, Germany). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -a measure of afterload -was calculated as a ratio of mean arterial pressure and CO, assuming zero venous pressure at the right atrium (Krzesiński et al 2012, Krzesiński et al 2016, Lasater and Von Rueden 2003, Sodolski and Kutarski 2007, Xiajuan et al 2013. The duration of the PEP was defined as the time interval between R peak of the ECG and the B point of dZ/dt of the ICG and TFC was calculated from the base impedance Z 0 (TFC=1,000/Z 0 ).…”