Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato

Martín, B.; Ort, Donald R.; Boyer, John S.

doi:10.1104/pp.68.2.329

Cited by 99 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Like the inhibition caused by chilling in the light, it is clear that the primary loss of activity is caused by direct impairment at the biochemical level, as opposed to interference with stomatal-mediated leaf gas exchange (Martin et al, 1981). However, in the case of dark chilling, it has not been possible to assign the cause to specific reactions of photosynthesis.…”

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confidence: 94%

Chilling Delays Circadian Pattern of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato1

Jones¹,

Tucker²,

Ort

1998

Plant Physiology

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Overnight low-temperature exposure inhibits photosynthesis in chilling-sensitive species such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber by as much as 60%. In an earlier study we showed that one intriguing effect of low temperature on chilling-sensitive plants is to stall the endogenous rhythm controlling transcription of certain nuclear-encoded genes, causing the synthesis of the corresponding transcripts and proteins to be mistimed when the plant is rewarmed. Here we show that the circadian rhythm controlling the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and nitrate reductase (NR), key control points of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plant cells, is delayed in tomato by chilling treatments. Using specific protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors, we further demonstrate that the chilling-induced delay in the circadian control of SPS and NR activity is associated with the activity of critical protein phosphatases. The sensitivity of the pattern of SPS activity to specific inhibitors of transcription and translation indicates that there is a chilling-induced delay in SPS phosphorylation status that is caused by an effect of low temperature on the expression of a gene coding for a phosphoprotein phosphatase, perhaps the SPS phosphatase. In contrast, the chilling-induced delay in NR activity does not appear to arise from effects on NR phosphorylation status, but rather from direct effects on NR expression. It is likely that the mistiming in the regulation of SPS and NR, and perhaps other key metabolic enzymes under circadian regulation, underlies the chilling sensitivity of photosynthesis in these plant species.Most warm-climate plant species are sensitive to brief exposures to low, nonfreezing temperatures. Lowtemperature exposure in combination with high irradiance causes rapid, often very severe inhibition of photosynthesis in a broad range of plants, including maize (Baker et al., 1983), cucumber (Peeler and Naylor, 1988), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Martin and Ort, 1985). Several elements that contribute to this inhibition have been identified and all may ultimately arise from the photosynthetic production of oxygen radicals (Wise, 1995). An inhibition of electron-transport capacity originating from damage to the reducing side of PSII is well documented (e.g. Powles et al., 1983;Kee et al., 1986; Percival et al., 1987) and, for moderately sensitive species such as maize, may be the major cause of impaired whole-plant photosynthesis after chilling. However, in the most severely chilling-sensitive species, such as domestic tomato, impaired reductive activation of the stromal bisphosphatases appears to be the dominating factor limiting carbon assimilation after chilling in the light (Sassenrath et al., 1990).Low temperature at night can also cause severe reductions in CO 2 fixation that persist on the day after the chill, even after optimal growth temperatures have been restored. Like the inhibition caused by chilling in the light, it is clear that the primary loss of activity is caused b...

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confidence: 94%

Chilling Delays Circadian Pattern of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato1

Jones¹,

Tucker²,

Ort

1998

Plant Physiology

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“…A single cool night (in this case 10C for 16 h) is sufficient to lower maximum rates of photosynthesis in tomato measured at atmospheric CO2 levels by 60%o on the subsequent day, whereas full recovery requires several days (12). The decline in photosynthesis subsequent to chilling in the dark cannot be assigned to a single cause.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The decline in photosynthesis subsequent to chilling in the dark cannot be assigned to a single cause. We recently reported results (12) from experiments with attached tomato leaves that allowed us to identify two separate components of the inhibition. By measuring and controlling the intercellular CO2 concentration, we were able to demonstrate that slightly less than one-third of the decline could be attributed to reduced availability of C02, a consequence of reduced stomatal aperture.…”

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confidence: 99%

Insensitivity of Water-Oxidation and Photosystem II Activity in Tomato to Chilling Temperatures

Martín¹,

Ort²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Chilling tomato plants (Lycopersicon escukntum Mill. cv. Rutgers and cv. Floramerica) in the dark resulted in a sizable inhibition in the rate of light-and C02-saturated photosynthesis. However, at low light intensity, the inhibition disappeared and the absolute quantum yield of CO2 reduction was diminished only slightly. The quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron flow was 18% lower when measured in chloroplasts isolated from chilled leaves than in chloroplasts isolated from unchilled leaves. Even though the maximum rate of PSII turnover in these chloroplasts was 12% lower subsequent to chilling, it was in all cases two or more times that required to support the Ught-and CO2-saturated rate of photosynthesis measured in the attached leaf. The concentration of active PSII centers in chloroplasts isolated from leaves either before or after chilling was determined by measurement of the products of water oxidation from a series of saturating flashes short enough to turnover the electron transport carriers only a single time. There was no significant change in the concentration of active PSII centers due to dark chilling.It was concluded that PSII activity and water oxidation capacity are not significantly impaired in tomato by chilling in the dark and therefore are not primary aspects of the inhibition of CO2 reduction observed in attached leaves.The tomato is representative of a fairly diverse group of plants in which brief exposure to low temperature (0 < T < 12°C) impairs photosynthesis for a prolonged period of time. A single cool night (in this case 10C for 16 h) is sufficient to lower maximum rates of photosynthesis in tomato measured at atmospheric CO2 levels by 60%o on the subsequent day, whereas full recovery requires several days (12). The decline in photosynthesis subsequent to chilling in the dark cannot be assigned to a single cause. We recently reported results (12) There is a good deal of experimental evidence indicating that chloroplasts isolated from prechilled leaves of sensitive plants have impaired electron transport. Kaniuga and associates (8,9) have identified water oxidation as the chill-labile process in tomato chloroplasts supporting similar conclusions drawn earlier by other workers (e.g. 10,11,16,17) for a variety of plants. Consequently, it is a widely held belief that the reduced capacity for water oxidation observed in isolated chloroplasts is a major cause of the reduced photosynthesis measured in attached prechilled leaves. We began to question this explanation for chilling inhibition of photosynthesis when in a previous study with attached tomato leaves we found that dark chilling caused no significant effect on net photosynthesis measured at light intensities below about 200 ILE m-2 s-'. This observation is not in accord with the notion that impaired water oxidation capability is a significant element of prechilling injury to photosynthesis for reasons which are detailed in the Discussion of this paper.In this paper, we report on a detailed study of the effect of da...

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“…La conductance stomatique (Gs), le taux d'assimilation du CO 2 estimée par la photosynthèse nette (PN), et la concentration intercellulaire de CO 2 (Ci) ont été déterminés à l'aide de l'analyseur de gaz à capteurs infrarouges (The Analytical Development Co. Ltd, Hoddesdon, England) selon le protocole de Martin et al (1981) …”

Section: Détermination Des Paramètres Physiologiques Dérivant Des éChunclassified

Statut Hydrique Et Capacites Photosynthetiques De Deux Varietes De Niebe (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walpers) Soumises Au Stress Hydrique

Brou¹,

Diouf²,

Zeze³

et al. 2009

Agronomie Africaine

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RESUMELe statut hydrique et les variations des échanges de CO 2 photosynthétique ont été étudiées chez deux variétés de niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). Les processus biochimiques susceptibles d'être à l'origine de ces variations ont été interprétés en relation avec les conditions hydriques de ces plantes. Les paramètres photosynthétiques associés aux échanges de CO 2 entre la plante et l'atmosphère ont été déterminés à l'aide de l'analyseur de gaz à capteurs infrarouges. L'intensité du stress hydrique a été évaluée par la mesure du potentiel hydrique et du contenu relatif en eau des plantes. La courbe de libération de l'eau obtenue en représentant le contenu relatif en eau en fonction du potentiel hydrique confirme la plus grande résistance de la variété Bambey 21 par rapport à TN88-63 au stress hydrique. Le stress hydrique induit la diminution de la conductance stomatique et du taux de photosynthèse nette tandis qu'il provoque une augmentation de la concentration intercellulaire de CO 2 dans la chambre sous-stomatique, lesquelles observations sont plus marquées chez TN88-63 que chez Bambey 21. L'interprétation intégrée des variations de ces paramètres permet de mieux montrer leur caractère discriminant pour la comparaison de variétés vis-à-vis du stress hydrique. Mots clés :Photosynthèse, stress hydrique, échanges gazeux, niébé, Côte d'Ivoire. ABSTRACT WATER STATUS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITIES OF TWO COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALPERS) VARIETIES SUBMITTED TO WATER STRESSWater status and variations of photosynthetic CO 2 exchange parameters were studied in two cowpea varieties (Vigna unguiculata (L.)

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Impairment of Photosynthesis by Chilling-Temperatures in Tomato

Cited by 99 publications

References 14 publications

Chilling Delays Circadian Pattern of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato1

Chilling Delays Circadian Pattern of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato1

Insensitivity of Water-Oxidation and Photosystem II Activity in Tomato to Chilling Temperatures

Statut Hydrique Et Capacites Photosynthetiques De Deux Varietes De Niebe (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walpers) Soumises Au Stress Hydrique

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