Impairment of Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Squirrel Monkey

Davidson, I. W. F.; Lang, Charles; Blackwell, William L.

doi:10.2337/diab.16.6.395

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A few cases have been reported in prosimians, 1 ' 2 apes, 3 Old "World monkeys, 1 ' 4 ' 14 and New "World monkeys. 15 Most of the reports 1 ' 3 " 5 ' 7 ' 11 " 13 offer only the diagnosis of diabetes with few or no details. Valerio et al 9 and Davidson et al 15 provide data only on glucose utilization during tolerance tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…15 Most of the reports 1 ' 3 " 5 ' 7 ' 11 " 13 offer only the diagnosis of diabetes with few or no details. Valerio et al 9 and Davidson et al 15 provide data only on glucose utilization during tolerance tests. Diabetes is also referred to in discussions of rhino-orbital phycomycosis,® endometriosis associated with brain surgery, 11 and total body irradiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spontaneous Diabetes in Macaca Nigra

Howard

1972

Diabetes

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In a closed breeding colony of Macaca nigra (black Celebes apes) there was a marked proclivity for a spontaneous diabetic-like state closely analogous to human diabetes. Numerous diabetic signs were present, including abnormal intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests, hyperglycemia, impaired insulin response, hypertriglyceridemia, increased prebetalipoprotein, retinal vascular aberrations, abnormalities in the islets of Langerhans, and pronounced weight loss in a few severely diabetic monkeys. A classification of diabetic status established primarily on deviation of the intravenous glucose tolerance test from results in normal Celebes apes places over 50 per cent of these interrelated monkeys in nonnormal categories. DIABETES 21: 1077 -90, November, 1972

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spontaneous Diabetes in Macaca Nigra

Howard

1972

Diabetes

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“…Squirrel monkeys have a relatively high frequency of glucose intolerance, 56 although the interpretation of this glucose intolerance defect has been controversial. 57 -59 Recent observations at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine would suggest that the animals with impaired glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion have reproductive failure.…”

Section: Macrovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Complications

Chobanian¹,

Arquilla²,

Clarkson³

et al. 1982

Diabetes

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Background: microRNAs (miRNA, miR) are thought to interact with multiple mRNAs resulting in either translational repression or degradation which is involved in the EMT process. Since miRNAs distributed with tissue specificity, the role of miRNAs in peritoneal fibrosis remains unknown. Our unpressed data showed that expression of miRNA589 was notably decreased in HPMCs isolated from patients undergoing long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Objective: To determine if miRNA589 regulates the EMT induced by TGFβ1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HMrSV5 cells).Methods: HMrSV5 cells were divided into three groups: control group (only FBS-free DMEM/F12), TGF-β1 group (treated with TGF-1 5 ng/ml for 24h) and pre-miR-5891 group (pre-treated with pre-miR-589 to up-regulate the level of miR-589, and treated with TGF-1 5 ng/ml for 24h). The level of miRNA589 was determined by realtime PCR. The expressions of ZO-1, vimentin, E-cadherinin HPMCs were determined by immunofluorescence, realtime PCR, and Western blot, respectively.Result: In vitro,TGF1 led to up-regulation of vimentin and downregulation of ZO-1 as well as E-cadherin in HMrSV5 cells, which suggested EMT was induced. The changes were accompanied with notably decreased level of miRNA589 in HMrSV5 cells treated by TGF1. Over-expression of miRNA589 by transfection with pre-miRNA589 partially reversed these EMT changes.Conclusion: miRNA589 mediates TGF1-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. cArdiovAsculAr comPlicAtions Valvular Calcifications and Associated FactorsBackground: The presence of vascular and valvular calcification is considered a risk factor in cardiovascular disease among patients in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Nevertheless, there is not sufficient information available to permit relating valvular calcification (VC) with clinical variables and biochemical markers. Our aim was to know the association of valvular calcification with clinical variables and biochemical markers in patients on PD.Methods and Material: We did a cross-sectional study in 97 PD patients, demographic and clinical data were recorded; echocardiography was performed to detect VC in mitral anular and aortic valves, as well as measuring serum albumin, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol and hs-CRP, (immunoturbidimetric assay) and fetuin-A (EDI ELISA) The continuous variables are expressed as means ±SD; or median (range), differences among groups were analyzed with Student t and x 2 .Results: The mean age was 48 ±12 years old, time on dialysis was 12±2 months, with diabetic nephropathy as a cause of disease, 54%, male72%, BMI of 25± 4 kg/m 2 ,. 53% had diabetes and 50% smokers. Fetuin levels were 0.33±0.1 g/L, cholesterol 187±45 mg/dL, total calcium 8.9±0.7 mg/dL, phosphorus 5.3±1.7 mg/dL, albumin 3.7±0.4 g/dL. The patients with VC were 42%, of which mitral was 36%, aortic 49%, and both 15%. No significant differences were presented in presence of diabetes, smokers, gender, calcitriol treatment and age regarding calcified patients vs. noncalcified; ho...

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“…In humans, glipizide is often used with metformin when glycaemic control is not achieved with monotherapy (Phung et al, 2010). There are three published cases using sulfonylureas anti-hyperglycaemic drugs to control T2DM successfully in New World primates but not callitrichids (Davidson et al, 1967;Greenwood & Taylor, 1977;Gilardi & Valverde, 1995).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in callitrichids with oral anti‐hyperglycaemic medication

Strike

Feltrer

2017

International Zoo Yearbook

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (also defined as non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus) is the most common form of spontaneous diabetes in humans and non‐human primates, and has frequently been reported in callitrichids. Oral anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs are the first line of therapy for T2DM along with dietary changes. There are no reports of the successful use of oral anti‐hyperglycaemic medication in callitrichids. Here, we describe the diagnosis of five cases of T2DM in callitrichids at ZSL London Zoo, UK, based on persistent hyperglycaemia, glucosuria and elevated blood‐serum fructosamine. The stabilization and long‐term management of T2DM using oral anti‐hyperglycaemic medication are reported. Treatment with metformin monotherapy was successful in controlling and maintaining normoglycaemia in three individuals for between 4 and 6 years. The addition of glipizide was required to achieve glycaemic control in a fourth animal. A fifth animal was refractory to treatment. Compliance was good and no side effects were seen. Based on these findings, we suggest that anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs, together with appropriate dietary changes, can be effective in the long‐term treatment of T2DM in callitrichids.

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Impairment of Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Squirrel Monkey

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Spontaneous Diabetes in Macaca Nigra

Spontaneous Diabetes in Macaca Nigra

Cardiovascular Complications

Long‐term management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in callitrichids with oral anti‐hyperglycaemic medication

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