Cardiovascular Complications

Abstract

Background: microRNAs (miRNA, miR) are thought to interact with multiple mRNAs resulting in either translational repression or degradation which is involved in the EMT process. Since miRNAs distributed with tissue specificity, the role of miRNAs in peritoneal fibrosis remains unknown. Our unpressed data showed that expression of miRNA589 was notably decreased in HPMCs isolated from patients undergoing long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Objective: To determine if miRNA589 regulates the EMT induced by TGFβ1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HMrSV5 cells).Methods: HMrSV5 cells were divided into three groups: control group (only FBS-free DMEM/F12), TGF-β1 group (treated with TGF-1 5 ng/ml for 24h) and pre-miR-5891 group (pre-treated with pre-miR-589 to up-regulate the level of miR-589, and treated with TGF-1 5 ng/ml for 24h). The level of miRNA589 was determined by realtime PCR. The expressions of ZO-1, vimentin, E-cadherinin HPMCs were determined by immunofluorescence, realtime PCR, and Western blot, respectively.Result: In vitro,TGF1 led to up-regulation of vimentin and downregulation of ZO-1 as well as E-cadherin in HMrSV5 cells, which suggested EMT was induced. The changes were accompanied with notably decreased level of miRNA589 in HMrSV5 cells treated by TGF1. Over-expression of miRNA589 by transfection with pre-miRNA589 partially reversed these EMT changes.Conclusion: miRNA589 mediates TGF1-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. cArdiovAsculAr comPlicAtions Valvular Calcifications and Associated FactorsBackground: The presence of vascular and valvular calcification is considered a risk factor in cardiovascular disease among patients in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Nevertheless, there is not sufficient information available to permit relating valvular calcification (VC) with clinical variables and biochemical markers. Our aim was to know the association of valvular calcification with clinical variables and biochemical markers in patients on PD.Methods and Material: We did a cross-sectional study in 97 PD patients, demographic and clinical data were recorded; echocardiography was performed to detect VC in mitral anular and aortic valves, as well as measuring serum albumin, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol and hs-CRP, (immunoturbidimetric assay) and fetuin-A (EDI ELISA) The continuous variables are expressed as means ±SD; or median (range), differences among groups were analyzed with Student t and x 2 .Results: The mean age was 48 ±12 years old, time on dialysis was 12±2 months, with diabetic nephropathy as a cause of disease, 54%, male72%, BMI of 25± 4 kg/m 2 ,. 53% had diabetes and 50% smokers. Fetuin levels were 0.33±0.1 g/L, cholesterol 187±45 mg/dL, total calcium 8.9±0.7 mg/dL, phosphorus 5.3±1.7 mg/dL, albumin 3.7±0.4 g/dL. The patients with VC were 42%, of which mitral was 36%, aortic 49%, and both 15%. No significant differences were presented in presence of diabetes, smokers, gender, calcitriol treatment and age regarding calcified patients vs. noncalcified; ho...

Elevation of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters.

“…Our observation of elevated levels of plasma lipids in the diabetic hamsters as compared with the non-diabetic controls agree with the previous reports by Gerristen and Dulin (1967), and Chobanian et al (1974Chobanian et al ( , 1982, who found hyperlipidemia in the diabetic hamsters in the Upjohn colony.…”

“…Chobanian et al (1982) reported that the major increases occurred in the d < 1.006 fraction in the diabetic hamsters. However, other characterization of the lipoproteins had not been performed in the hamsters in the Upjohn colony partly because plasma volume obtained was too small.…”

“…elevated levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) (Schein et al 1971; Bar-On et al 1976a, b). Furtheromore, Chobanian et al (1974Chobanian et al ( , 1982 showed that there was also hyperlipidemia in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters which were insulin-deficient, non-obese diabetic animals (Gerristen and Dulin 1967). However, there is little knowledge about the change of plasma lipoproteins in the diabetic hamsters and sex difference in Chinese hamsters for plasma lipids and lipoproteins.…”

Diabetes-Induced Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Swine

“…Although both the American Diabetes Association and the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International made recommendations for the development of such models over a decade ago (37,38), the lack of appropriate animal models is still recognized (5,39). Diabetes appears spontaneously in numerous animal species, and several genetic models have been developed in rodents (40 -42).…”

Vitamin A Homeostasis in the Diabetic Rat.

“…The cumulative, chronic effects of this metabolic disease lead eventually to debilitating functional and morphological alterations, such as nephro-, neuro-, and retino-pathy [2]. Cardiovascular responses to diabetes include an increase in plasma lipoproteins, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy [3]. In large animals such as dogs and primates, including humans, diabetic retinopathy can progress to the proliferative stage, which is associated with neovascularization of retinal vessels, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and visual impairment [4,5].…”