Impaired microvascular endothelial function in vitamin D-deficient diabetic nephropathy patients

Abstract

Microvascular endothelial function was significantly reduced in diabetic nephropathy patients with deficient vitamin D levels compared with those with nondeficient levels.

Levels of Serum 25(OH)VD3, HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 and Their Correlation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Different Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio

“…Similarly, Yildirim et al [ 29 ] also confirmed that 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 could downregulate the protein expression of VEGF, thereby reducing angiogenesis and inflammation. Compared to DKD patients with normal vitamin D levels, those with vitamin D deficiency have decreased microvascular endothelial function [ 30 ]. Vascular endothelial injury leads to adhesion and activation of inflammatory cytokines, which may increase the expression of vWf and further promote DKD process.…”

Effects of 1α‐Calcidol (Alfacalcidol) on Microvascular Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Blood Pressure in Type II Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

“…Iontophoresis is a method of introducing charged substances across the skin using a weak electrical current. The iontophoresis protocol used in this study was as per our previous study . The parameter used to assess microvascular endothelial function was maximum absolute change in perfusion due to ACh iontophoresis (ACh max ).…”

“…The primary parameter of interest in this study was microvascular endothelial function, and therefore our calculation of sample size was based mainly on this parameter. We calculated sample size for microvascular endothelial function based on our previous study, with 90% power at α of 0.05 to detect a difference of 13.7 AU at a standard deviation of 14.8 AU . A minimum of 25 subjects were required in each group to complete the study.…”

“…Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to exacerbate microvascular ED in nephropathy patients and is associated with increased arterial stiffness in healthy humans . An observational study reported that cardiovascular mortality was lower in hemodialysis patients who took oral alfacalcidol compared to those who went without alfacalcidol treatment .…”

Role of vitamin D in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological and clinical aspects

“…In addition, an association between VD and vascular function has been described in patients with diabetes [93]; moreover, a report described improved vascular function parameters in patients with diabetes, after VD oral supplementation [94]. Furthermore, in patients with diabetes and VD deficiency reduced endothelium-dependent microvascular function, assessed by iontophoresis of acetylcholine, when compared to patients with diabetes and non-deficient VD levels [95]. Experimental studies have shown that VD improves endothelial dysfunction and promotes vascular regeneration through the activation of VDR, that in turn regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in fundamental processes of potential relevance to cardiovascular function [96]; in fact, the suppression of VDR in endothelial cells (EC) alters vascular homeostasis [1,97].…”