Impaired autonomic function in type 2 diabetic patients during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Mori, Akira; Maruyama, Takako; Ohashi, Noritsugu; Shibuya, Takashi; Sakai, Katsuhiko; Tatebe, Hideharu; Inoue, Hiroshi; Kato, Toshiharu; Okuno, Masataka

doi:10.1007/s00535-008-2203-8

Cited by 3 publications

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References 25 publications

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“…Autonomic nervous system disturbances have been reported as complications of diabetes [38,39]. Furthermore, parasympathetic activity is significantly suppressed in patients with diabetes [40], and decreased parasympathetic activity occurs within a short period after the onset of diabetes [41]. The 24-week-old OLETF rats were in the early diabetic period [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diabetes and Voluntary Exercise on IgA Concentration and Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression in the Submandibular Gland of Rats

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) because they are easily infected. Salivary IgA (sali-IgA) levels play a major role in transmitting URTIs. Sali-IgA levels are determined by salivary gland IgA production and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (poly-IgR) expression. However, it is unknown whether salivary gland IgA production and poly-IgR expression are decreased in patients with diabetes. While exercise is reported to increase or decrease the sali-IgA levels, it is unclear how exercise affects the salivary glands of patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of diabetes and voluntary exercise on IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Ten spontaneously diabetic Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (eight-week-old) were divided into two groups of five rats each: a non-exercise group (OLETF-C) and a voluntary wheel-running group (OLETF-E). Five Long–Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats without diabetes were bred under the same conditions as the OLETF-C. Sixteen weeks after the study began, the submandibular glands (SGs) were collected and analyzed for IgA and poly-IgR expression levels. Results: IgA concentrations and poly-IgR expression levels in SGs were lower in OLETF-C and OLETF-E than in LETO (p < 0.05). These values did not differ between the OLETF-C and OLETF-E. Conclusions: Diabetes decreases IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands of rats. Moreover, voluntary exercise increases sali-IgA levels but does not increase IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands of diabetic rats. Increasing IgA production and poly-IgR expression in the salivary glands, which is reduced in diabetes, might require slightly higher-intensity exercise than voluntary exercise under the supervision of a doctor.

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