Impaired Anatomical Connectivity and Related Executive Functions: Differentiating Vulnerability and Disease Marker in Bipolar Disorder

The cerebral isthmus: fiber tract anatomy, functional significance, and surgical considerations

“…20,27,30,51,70,71 Furthermore, human studies using electrical stimulation have indicated reciprocal connections between the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, findings consistent with anatomical tracing research in nonhuman primates. 32 The genu of the internal capsule in turn contains pyramidal fibers that connect the precentral gyrus to the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, and also the anterior part of the superior thalamic peduncle.…”

“…Additionally, we consider incising the proximal superior isthmus less destructive than the anterior corpus callosum, since the former is mainly related to the ability of set shifting while the latter participates in the vital functions of memory and learning. 20,27,30,37,38,41,43,51,70,71 Undoubtedly, approaching the frontal horn through the proximal part of the superior isthmus is not an easy and straightforward procedure. It requires thorough neuroanatomical knowledge of the insular anatomy, flawless microneurosurgical technique, and proper planning of the surgical trajectory.…”

Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: an international multicentre study

“…Several studies have suggested that morphological 12,21 and microstructural callosal abnormal ities 39 may be patient-specific. Other groups have proposed that the CC is more susceptible to aging in patients with BD.…”

784. Structural Dysconnectivity of Key Cognitive and Emotional Hubs in Young People at High Genetic Risk for Bipolar Disorder

“…CN subjects were recruited via print and electronic media, and noticeboards in universities and local communities. Sample ascertainment and separate clinical assessments for younger (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and older (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) age categories are provided in Perich et al 36 and in Supplementary Information 1.1. We pooled data across both age cohorts unless there was a specific correlation between a brain network measure and an age-specific clinical variable in either group.…”

“…19 A number of studies have revealed evidence of WM alterations in unaffected first-degree relatives, although the spatial distribution and extent of these impairments remains uncertain. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Although diffusion tensor imaging-derived indices have shed light on disturbances in specific WM pathways, such methods are insensitive to complex interactions among multiple brain regions. Developments in the acquisition of diffusion-weighted imaging and fibre-bundle reconstruction have allowed structural brain networks to be mapped with increased precision.…”