Impacts of urban forests on offsetting carbon emissions from industrial energy use in Hangzhou, China

Potential for forest vegetation carbon storage in Fujian Province, China, determined from forest inventories

“…Evaluation of the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems is not only vital to accurately estimating the global carbon budget and the influence of potential climate change on terrestrial ecosystems, but it is also the key to fulfilling international conventions, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol and as a basis for appropriate policies (Masera et al 2003; Lee et al 2005;Torres et al 2009). This is relevant because different tree species and tree ages have different carbon sequestration rates, and so do reforestation practices (Song and Woodcock 2003;Zhao et al 2010). If the influence of these factors on carbon storage is not taken into consideration, it is difficult to provide a scientific basis for designing management strategies and policies to increase forest carbon.…”

Assessing urban tree carbon storage and sequestration in Bolzano, Italy

“…Urban areas are steadily growing throughout the world (Grimm et al 2008) and by 2030 it is expected that 60% of the world's population will be living in cities (Rydin et al 2012). Thus, as urban environments become more important as living space for humans, they are an increasing source of carbon emissions.Several studies in North America, China, and Australia (Brack 2002;Zhao et al 2010;Dobbs et al 2011;Martin et al 2012;Roy et al 2012), and more recently in the United Kingdom and Germany (Davies et al 2011;Strohbach & Haase 2012;Strohbach et al 2012), have shown that trees in urban environments remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through growth and photosynthesis, and store excess carbon as biomass in roots, stems, and branches. Indirectly, urban trees also reduce building energy used for cooling through their shade and climate amelioration effects, thereby reducing CO 2 emissions from decreased energy production (Akbari et al 2001).…”

Comparative Analysis of Stomatal Type Swietenia macrophylla King and Polyalthia longifolia Bent and Hook. var. Pendula in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…The growth response due to CO 2 is too high above the threshold, can lead to changes in morphology, anatomy and biochemistry of plants (Singsaas et al, 2003), can also cause leaf stomata partially closed, thus reducing transpiration (Gohil et al, 2010). Vegetation must possess certain characteristics that can help overcome the problems associated with the environment.Urban vegetation serves to give an aesthetics, unifying space, minimize air pollution, produce oxygenand micro-climate amelioration (Grey and Deneke, 1978;Lovelli et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2009). Makassar is city center of various activitiessuch as the economy and education, so that the population is getting ever-growing.…”