Impacts of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments amongst people affected by leprosy in Cebu, the Philippines

Boku, Noriko; Lockwood, Diana N. J.; Balagon, Maria V.; Pardillo, Fe Eleanor F.; Maghanoy, Armi; Mallari, Irene; Cross, Hugh

doi:10.47276/lr.81.2.111

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The present study demonstrated that people who had visible impairments (grade 2 disability -60%), experienced more activity limitation compared to those respondents who had only loss of sensation (grade 1 -30%). Studies from Philippines (Boku et al, 2010), Indonesia (Van Brakel et al, 2012), Brazil (Nardi et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2015) and India (Kamble et al,2012) also reported similar findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Activity Limitation of People Affected by Leprosy in an Endemic District in West Bengal, India

Govindharaj

Srinivasan

Darlong³

2020

DCID

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Purpose: This study aimed to assess the level of activity limitation, and the factors associated with it, among people affected by leprosy who were reporting at a leprosy referral centre of Purulia, in West Bengal state, India. Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 358 individuals affected by leprosy. Persons recruited for this study were above 18 years of age, married, and had been diagnosed with leprosy for at least 1 year at the time of the interview. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information about the respondents' socio-economic and disease status. The Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) Scale was used to measure activity limitation.Results: Of the 358 respondents, 59% were male, 60% were between 18 and 45 years of age, and 42% were illiterate. About 144 or 40% of the respondents had Grade 2 disability and 60% had disease duration of more than 3 years. There were 229 individuals (64%) who had no limitation in activities, 103 (29%) had mild limitation and 26 (7%) had moderate to severe limitation in activities. There is a significant association between gender, age, occupation, physical disability and disease duration with activity limitation. Conclusion:It appears that limitations in activities among persons affected by leprosy are associated with being a woman, a housewife, an aged person, and with longer disease duration. The physical disability was intrinsically associated with limitation in activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Activity Limitation of People Affected by Leprosy in an Endemic District in West Bengal, India

Govindharaj

Srinivasan

Darlong³

2020

DCID

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“…Similarly, our finding on disabilities has been consistent with a study done in Brazil where level of stigma was higher in grade II disabled patients compared to grade 0 and grade I [24] . Disabilities have been found to be associated with leprosy stigma in number of studies in different parts of the world [12] , [19] , [20] , [23] , [25] , [26] . Ulcer affected persons in our study had higher stigma score compared to those who did not followed by the sub sample of ulcer affected persons who had foul odor had higher stigma score compared to those who did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThere are various factors which construct the perception of stigma in both leprosy affected persons and unaffected persons. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived stigma and the risk factors contributing to it among leprosy affected person attending the Green Pastures Hospital, Pokhara municipality of western Nepal.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 people affected by leprosy at Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre. Persons above the age of 18 were interviewed using a set of questionnaire form and Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC). In addition, two sets of focused group discussions each containing 10 participants from the ward were conducted with the objectives of answering the frequently affected EMIC items.ResultsAmong 135 leprosy affected persons, the median score of perceived stigma was 10 while it ranged from 0–34. Higher perceived stigma score was found in illiterate persons (p = 0.008), participants whose incomes were self-described as inadequate (p = 0.014) and who had changed their occupation due to leprosy (p = 0.018). Patients who lacked information on leprosy (p = 0.025), knowledge about the causes (p = 0.02) and transmission of leprosy (p = 0.046) and those who had perception that leprosy is a severe disease (p<0.001) and is difficult to treat (p<0.001) had higher perceived stigma score. Participants with disfigurement or deformities (p = 0.014), ulcers (p = 0.022) and odorous ulcers (p = 0.043) had higher perceived stigma score.ConclusionThe factors associated with higher stigma were illiteracy, perceived economical inadequacy, change of occupation due to leprosy, lack of knowledge about leprosy, perception of leprosy as a severe disease and difficult to treat. Similarly, visible deformities and ulcers were associated with higher stigma. There is an urgent need of stigma reduction strategies focused on health education and health awareness programs in addition to the necessary rehabilitation support.

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“…A severe visible impairment was a risk factor for activity limitation and a low level of self-efficacy. ( 12 ) Careful assessment of all new cases of leprosy for G2D is required because a failure to conduct these assessments may result in a missed diagnosis of G2D. Delayed presentation is a recognized risk factor for disability in leprosy, and it is the result of complex interactions between physical, social, economic and psychological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological review of leprosy in WHO’s Western Pacific Region: 1991–2019

Rahevar

Morishita

et al. 2021

WPSAR

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Background: Leprosy elimination was achieved in the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the late 1980s. However, cases continue to be reported within the Region. This paper analyses leprosy cases in the Region reported to WHO during 1991–2019. Methods: Descriptive analyses were conducted of data from leprosy surveillance reported in the Region. Key indicators included prevalence, the number and rate of new cases detected, proportions of cases with multibacillary leprosy or grade 2 disability, and the numbers and proportions of cases among children and cases by sex. Results: From 1991 to 2019, the number of registered cases detected in the Region decreased by 94% (from 68 313 in 1991 to 4381 in 2019), and the number of new cases detected decreased by 72.1% (from 15 002 in 1991 to 4004 in 2019). The proportion of cases of multibacillary leprosy increased from 67.4% (8045/11 943) in 1995 to 85.6% (3428/4004) in 2019, and between 1997 and 2019 the number of leprosy cases occurring in children decreased from 1240 to 424. The proportion of new cases with grade 2 disability decreased from 15.4% in 1997 to 6.6% in 2019. With few exceptions, nearly two thirds of reported cases occurred in males. Conclusion: Most countries and areas in the Region have successfully eliminated leprosy, although some pockets remain in countries with hard-to-reach areas. The introduction of multidrug therapy and WHO’s 1991 elimination goals may have prompted the initial decline in leprosy cases. Continued efforts are required in case-finding, care and prevention in areas with a high burden of disease.

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Impacts of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments amongst people affected by leprosy in Cebu, the Philippines

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Activity Limitation of People Affected by Leprosy in an Endemic District in West Bengal, India

Activity Limitation of People Affected by Leprosy in an Endemic District in West Bengal, India

Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal

Epidemiological review of leprosy in WHO’s Western Pacific Region: 1991–2019

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