Impacts of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on the Morpho-Physiological Traits, Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes

Abstract

The efficient use of water and fertilizer is vital for optimizing plant growth and yield in rice production. To achieve sustainable rice production and resource management, the ways in which applied water and nitrogen affect the root and shoot morpho-physiology, as well as yield, must be understood. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (sulfur-coated urea) application at three levels (light nitrogen (NL), medium nitrogen (NM), and heavy nitrogen (NH)) on the growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice grown under three water regimes (wetting and soil saturation (WSS), wetting and moderate drying (WMD) and wetting and severe drying (WSD)). The results revealed that differences in water regimes and fertilizer rates led to significant differences in the roots, shoots, yield, and NUE of rice. Increasing the N dosage by 5% enhanced the root and biomass production by 16% in comparison with that of the other groups. The NH×WSS treatment produced the greatest root length, weight, density, active absorption, and oxidation. However, the integration of WSS × NL generated the maximum value of nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency (63.1% to 67.6%) and the greatest value of nitrogen partial factor productivity (39.9 g g−1 to 41.13 g g−1). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that plants grown under high and medium nitrogen fertilizer rates with WSS had improved leaf mesophyll structure with normal starch grains, clear cell walls, and well-developed chloroplasts with tidy and well-arranged thylakoids. These results show that TEM images are useful for characterizing the nitrogen and water status of leaves in the sub-micrometer range and providing specific information regarding the leaf microstructure. The findings of this study suggest that the application of NH×WSS can produce improvements in growth traits and increase rice yield; however, the NL×WSS treatment led to greater NUE, and the authors recommend its usage in rice agriculture.

Effect of NPS Fertilizer, Spraying Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on the Qualitative Properties and Bioactive Components of Rice Grains (Oryza Sativa L.)

“…By noting the results shown in Table No. (1) and Figure (2), the single treatment by adding fertilizer NPS at level (300 kg ha -1 ) achieved a substantial level on their counterparts in the content of palmitic saturated fatty acid, which recorded quantity of (24.240 %), then the level (200 kg ha -1 ) of NPS as soil addition which noted a value of (22.750 %), in addition to the other treatments in combination (NPS (100) +CeO 2 ), (NPS (300) +NPK +TE +CeO 2 ), (NPS (300) +NPK +TE ), (NPS (300) +CeO 2 ) and (NPS (100) +NPK +TE +CeO 2 ) was achieved with consecutive values of (17.430, 15.580, 13.600, 8.570 and 8.320) % respectively, in comparing with The treatment with the least effect (NPS (200) +NPK +TE +CeO 2 ) registered (3.800 %), Moreover, bi and single treatments Nano-NPK +TE and Cerium Oxide NPs showed that the single treatment (NPK +TE ) achieved progress in Palmitic fatty acid with the quantity of (19.650 %), while the treatment of spraying CeO 2 nanoparticles amounted (11.420 %), and the combination treatment of these nanomaterials gave significant notable response by recording (9.750 %). Regarding to the content of Stearic fatty acid, through Table No.…”

“…Regarding to the content of Stearic fatty acid, through Table No. (1) and Figure (3), we note that also the single treatment by adding fertilizer NPS at level (300 kg ha -1 ) had a distinct with its observed a reading of (9.460 %) when comparing with their counterparts, and the treatments of foliar spraying achieved highest notable progress by recording (6.360, 5.400, 9.130) % for the following treatments (CeO 2 ), (NPK +TE ) and (NPK +TE +CeO 2 ) respectively. also other integrated treatments (NPS (100) +CeO 2 ), (NPS (200) +CeO 2 ), (NPS (100) +NPK +TE ), (NPS (100) +NPK +TE +CeO 2 ) and (NPS (200) +NPK +TE ) and (NPS (300) +CeO 2 ) distinguished by the readings for studied trait, reaching (5.420, 5.260, 3.760, 3.440, 3.330 and 2.920) % respectively, when comparing with the weakest value of the treatment (NPS (200) +NPK +TE +CeO 2 ) which registered (1.390 %), Although, it is worth noting that there is a noticeable increase in the creation of Stearic acid, which is formed through changes in the configuration of Palmitic acid by means of the beta-oxidation pathway.…”

“…Rice is a grain crop that generally needs large amounts of nutrients, mineral fertilizers, and large amounts of water during the various stages of growth. Because of immersion irrigation methods large amounts of conventional fertilizers are exposed to washing, volatilization, and fixation in the soil [1], must trying to find a balance of nutrients and compensate for the lost ones, especially when cultivating grain crops such as Yellow Corn and Rice, in addition, agricultural soils are exposed to consumption and depletion of nutrients in them as a result of the development in the production of improved crop varieties and the increase in their consumption with the continuous population increase [2]. Foliar spraying of Nano-nutrients can be a valuable method to supplement plant nutrition, enhance crop yield, and quality while decreasing environmental hazards like leaching, runoff, and toxicity [3].…”

Effect of NPS Fertilizer, Spraying Nano-NPK+TE and Cerium Oxide NPs on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

“…Rice is a grain crop that generally needs large amounts of nutrients, mineral fertilizers, and large amounts of water during the various stages of growth. Because of immersion irrigation methods [5] large amounts of conventional fertilizers are exposed to washing, volatilization, and fixation in the soil in a way that is not able to be absorbed by the roots of the plant, especially Soils with a clay texture, and this causes material losses due to the large consumption of fertilizers [6], in addition to the imbalance of the amounts of nutrients needed by the plant in the soil, especially the microelements [7].…”

Cross-flow fan on multi-dimensional airflow field of air screen cleaning system for rice grain

“…The positional relationship and motion parameters between the cleaning fan and the vibrating screen have always been an important research direction. The research parameters of the fan include fan speed, fan installation inclination, and fan outlet shape [1][2][3] . Chai et al [4] conducted three-factor and three-level simulation tests on the inlet installation angle, blade curvature, and blade inlet curvature of the centrifugal fan, and the outlet wind speed and direction were proved to be affected by these factors.…”