Impacts of replacement of engine powered vehicles by electric vehicles on energy consumption and CO 2 emissions

Teixeira, Ana Carolina Rodrigues; Sodré, José Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2018.01.004

Cited by 147 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Onat et al (2014) also find that the operation phase has the highest environmental impact, leading to a total advantage of EVs over ICEs. Overall, CO 2 emissions from an EV fleet have been shown to potentially be 10e26 times lower than those from an ICE fleet (Teixeira and Sodr e, 2018). This result is based on the assumption of a 5% annual increase in CO 2 emissions and the neglect of a possible increase in ICE efficiency, which could reduce CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Impact Of Ev Growth On Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Forecasting the trajectory of electric vehicle sales and the consequences for worldwide CO2 emissions

Rietmann

Hügler

Lieven

2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

198

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Over the past decade, global sales of electric vehicles (EVs) have experienced significant growth. However, predictions of future sales developments, which are needed for the planning of EV production as well as supporting policies and a sufficient energy supply, are still sparse. In this study, a long-term forecast of the EV inventory in 26 countries across five continents is provided by means of a logistic growth model. Using actual sales data from 2010 to 2018, predictions were made for these countries until 2035. Findings indicate that, overall, 30% of the worldwide passenger vehicle fleet will be EVs in 2032. However, results also display vast differences between countries, which can particularly be attributed to divergences in governmental support. EV growth predictions were additionally analyzed in terms of sustainability impacts. The analysis showed that reductions in CO 2 emissions can be achieved with the predicted EV growth, given that countries invest heavily in renewable energy sources. Given the current energy mixes though, worldwide CO 2 emissions will continue to rise until 2035 despite a nearly 50% share of EVs. The paper further discusses the amount of energy that will be required to meet the growing demand and highlights that the production of EV batteries will be the key bottleneck in the development of EVs. Finally, important implications for policymakers, marketers and future research are derived.

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Section: Impact Of Ev Growth On Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Forecasting the trajectory of electric vehicle sales and the consequences for worldwide CO2 emissions

Rietmann

Hügler

Lieven

2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, electric vehicles, although they hardly emit any harmful substances while driving, use electricity [101,102]. Electricity is generated in power plants and, depending on the state of the power system and energy mix in a given country, its production causes emissions of various substances into the atmosphere [103][104][105]. In connection with the above facts, the ecological effect of the fleet's replacement with electric vehicles was also calculated including emissions resulting from the generation of electricity.…”

Section: Ecological Effect and Emission Reductions-corrected Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO2 Emissions

et al. 2019

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The article analyzes the dynamics of the development of the electromobility sector in Poland in the context of the European Union and due to the economic situation and development of the electromobility sector in the contexts of Switzerland and Norway. On the basis of obtained data, a forecast was made which foresees the most likely outlook of the electric car market in the coming years. The forecast was made using the creeping trend method, and extended up to 2030. As part of the analysis of the effect of the impact of electromobility, an original method was proposed for calculating the primary energy factor (PEF) primary energy ratio in the European Union and in its individual countries, which illustrates the conversion efficiency of primary energy into electricity and the overall efficiency of the power system. The original method was also verified, referring to the methods proposed by the Fraunhofer-Institut. On the basis of all previous actions and analyses, an assessment was made of the impact of the development of the electromobility sector on air quality in the countries studied. Carbon dioxide tank-to-wheels emission reductions which result from the conversion of the car fleet from conventional vehicles to electric motors were then calculated. In addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, other pollutant emissions were also calculated, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). The increase in the demand for electricity resulting from the needs of electric vehicles was also estimated. On this basis, and also on the basis of previously calculated primary energy coefficients, the emission reduction values have been adjusted for additional emissions resulting from the generation of electricity in power plants.

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“…The emission component to be measured was CO 2 ; there was no database for the emission factors of the other power generation components [12,13]. To determine the CO 2 emissions of an electric vehicle, the electric generation should be considered.…”

Section: Determination Of Co 2 Emission For Electric Urban Buses By Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study

Grijalva

Martínez

2019

Energies

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The emissions of CO 2 gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced, as evidenced by the electric vehicle. We evaluated the positive environmental effects in terms of CO 2 emissions that would be produced by the replacement of conventional urban transport bus fleets by electric buses. The simulation of an electric urban bus conceptual model is presented as a case study. The model is validated using the speed and height profiles of the most representative route within the city of Madrid-the C1 line. We assumed that the vehicle fleet is charged using the electric grid at night, when energy demand is low, the cost of energy is low, and energy is produced with a large provision of renewable energy, principally wind power. For the results, we considered the percentage of fleet replacement and the Spanish electricity mix. The analysis shows that by gradually replacing the current fleet of buses by electric buses over 10 years (2020 to 2030), CO 2 emissions would be reduced by up to 92.6% compared to 2018 levels.Energies 2019, 12, 525 2 of 31 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL, on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently" [4], which makes reference to public transport, in particular, providing incentives for its use, the application of energy efficient technologies, and the use of renewable sources in the sector, in order to reduce the dependency on petroleum.Analysing the subject at a local level (Spain), in 2013, 239.7 MtCO 2 were emitted by all sectors, and the largest CO 2 -emitting sectors in Spain were transport (34.1%) and power generation (20.4%). Industry accounted for 16.6%, followed by other energy industries (including refining) producing 7.9%, households producing 6.6%, and the commercial sector producing 6.5% of the total [5]. The transport sector shows a similar trend at the world level, with road transport being the most representative in the contribution of CO 2 , emitting 81.08 MtCO 2 of the 86.13 MtCO 2 total. In other words, this type of transport represents 94% of all the emissions of the sector.The main cause of these high CO 2 emissions in the transport sector is the excessive use of energy vectors from non-renewable sources, especially gasoline and diesel. The problem of energy dependency is crucial in countries such as Spain that lack these resources, and are forced to import them. Therefore, it is essential to look for alternative sources and methods in order to reduce the demand for this type of resource.Public transport via urban buses plays a fundamental role in society, as it is an efficient means to move a considerable number of people throughout a city. With the current occupation rate in relation to cars, a standard full urban bus could remove more than 40 cars from the city [7], which would considerably improve traffic problems, re...

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Impacts of replacement of engine powered vehicles by electric vehicles on energy consumption and CO 2 emissions

Cited by 147 publications

References 16 publications

Forecasting the trajectory of electric vehicle sales and the consequences for worldwide CO2 emissions

Forecasting the trajectory of electric vehicle sales and the consequences for worldwide CO2 emissions

The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO2 Emissions

Analysis of the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study

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