Impacts of people and tigers on leopard spatiotemporal activity patterns in a global biodiversity hotspot

Carter, Neil; Jasny, Micah; Gurung, Bhim; Liu, Jianguo

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2014.11.013

Cited by 94 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…2). Similar patterns have also been documented between jaguars and pumas in tropical wet areas of Central America (Davis, Kelly & Stauffer, 2011), as well as between cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus Schreber, 1775) and leopards ( Panthera pardus Linnaeus, 1758, Vanak et al, 2013), and between tigers ( Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) and leopards (Carter et al, 2015). Vanak et al (2013) suggested that interactions between large carnivores were better explained by habitat type and seasonality than the presence of competitive carnivore species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…If pumas and jaguars are partitioning the space throughout the day, encounter probabilities decrease and may allow coexistence (Ruth & Murphy, 2010). Large prey species abundance is also an important habitat component that favors the coexistence of large carnivores (Odden, Wegge & Fredriksen, 2010; Mitchell & Hebblewhite, 2012; Carter et al, 2015), and may have supported coexistence in our study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Other authors have used one sampling month with camera traps for spatial–temporal feline pattern analysis (Carter et al, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prey species—For each prey species, we used the proportion of the days with pictures by sampling unit by year as a measure of species presence in the site (O’Brien, 2011; Ramesh et al, 2012; Carter et al, 2015). White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780) and collared peccary have been described as the main prey species for pumas and jaguars in areas where they coexist (Oliveira, 2002; Cascelli de Azevedo, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range

Gutiérrez-González

López‐González

2017

PeerJ

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We present the first study that evaluates jaguar-puma interactions in the arid lands of northern Mexico, where jaguars have their northernmost breeding population and both predators are persecuted for livestock depredation. We tested whether jaguars are the dominant species in this unique ecosystem, where: (1) pumas outnumber jaguars, (2) pumas are better adapted to arid environments, and (3) jaguars and pumas are of similar size. We analyzed four years of data with two approaches; a two species conditional occupancy model and an activity patterns analysis. We used camera location and prey presence as covariates for jaguar and puma detection and presence probabilities. We also explored overlap in activities of predators and prey. Where both species were detected, peccary presence was positively correlated with both jaguar and puma presence, whereas in areas where jaguars were detected but pumas were not, deer presence explained the probability of jaguar presence. We found that both predators were more likely to co-occur together than to be found independently, and so we rejected the hypothesis that jaguars were the dominant species in our study area. Predators were mainly nocturnal and their activity patterns overlapped by 60%. Jaguar, as compared with puma, overlapped more with deer and calves; puma overlapped with calves more than with other prey, suggesting a preference. We believe exploring predator relationships at different scales may help elucidate mechanisms that regulate their coexistence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Other authors have used one sampling month with camera traps for spatial–temporal feline pattern analysis (Carter et al, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range

Gutiérrez-González

López‐González

2017

PeerJ

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“…Human population size was included as an indicator of anthropogenic activities (Harihar and Pandav, 2012;Woodroffe, 2000). Anthropogenic activities can influence activity patterns of carnivores, with carnivores avoiding high human activity periods (Carter et al, 2015). Human population was derived from Census of India data (http://censusindia.gov.in/).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards?

Sharma

Bhatnagar

Mishra

2015

Biological Conservation

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Limited spatiotemporal niche partitioning among mesocarnivores in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique

Grabowski,

Phillips,

Gaynor

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Competition drives community composition and structure in many ecosystems. Spatial and temporal niche partitioning, in which competing species divide the environment in space or time, are mechanisms that may allow for coexistence among ecologically similar species. Such division of resources may be especially important for carnivores in African savannas, which support diverse carnivore assemblages. We used camera traps to explore patterns of spatial and temporal niche partitioning among four mesocarnivore species in Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park: large‐spotted genet (Genetta maculata), African civet (Civettictis civetta), honey badger (Mellivora capensis) and marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus). We applied a multispecies occupancy model to evaluate spatial partitioning among mesocarnivores and to quantify the environmental factors that affect species‐specific habitat use, including relative lion (Panthera leo) activity. We also analyzed the temporal activity overlap of the four focal species. We identified species‐specific habitat covariates that influenced detection probabilities but found no evidence of spatial or temporal partitioning among mesocarnivores in the study system. Indeed, we found some evidence for spatial co‐occurrence between two of our focal species: African civet and marsh mongoose. There may be limited competition among mesocarnivores in this system, perhaps due to niche and diet differentiation among these species and an abundance of resources. While we found limited evidence that lion activity impacts mesocarnivores, ongoing monitoring of intraguild interactions is vital as apex predator populations recover in the system. This study adds to a growing understanding of African mesocarnivore ecology and highlights the importance of understanding these dynamics for effective multispecies conservation and restoration.

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Impacts of people and tigers on leopard spatiotemporal activity patterns in a global biodiversity hotspot

Cited by 94 publications

References 44 publications

Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range

Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range

Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards?

Limited spatiotemporal niche partitioning among mesocarnivores in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique

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