Impacts of Penguin Tourism

Ellenberg, Ursula

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58331-0_8

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ecotourism activities that provide opportunities to view wildlife at close range can bring in financial resources to support wildlife conservation (Krüger, 2005). However, these efforts come at a cost to wildlife if resulting behavioral modifications have energetic or demographic consequences (Ellenberg, 2017;Geffroy et al, 2017). Deleterious effects of ecotourism are enhanced for wildlife that are large, conspicuous, predictable, and found in open habitats (Green and Higginbottom, 2000).…”

Section: Addressing the Costs Of Ecotourism-induced Assessment Mismatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch Between Risk and Response May Amplify Lethal and Non-lethal Effects of Humans on Wild Animal Populations

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human activity has rapidly transformed the planet, leading to declines of animal populations around the world through a range of direct and indirect pathways. Humans have strong numerical effects on wild animal populations, as highly efficient hunters and through unintentional impacts of human activity and development. Human disturbance also induces costly non-lethal effects by changing the behavior of risk-averse animals. Here, we suggest that the unique strength of these lethal and non-lethal effects is amplified by mismatches between the nature of risk associated with anthropogenic stimuli and the corresponding response by wild animals. We discuss the unique characteristics of cues associated with anthropogenic stimuli in the context of animal ecology and evolutionary history to explore why and when animals fail to appropriately (a) detect, (b) assess, and (c) respond to both benign and lethal stimuli. We then explore the costs of over-response to a benign stimulus (Type I error) and under-response to a lethal stimulus (Type II error), which can scale up to affect individual fitness and ultimately drive population dynamics and shape ecological interactions. Finally, we highlight avenues for future research and discuss conservation measures that can better align animal perception and response with risk to mitigate unintended consequences of human disturbance.

show abstract

Section: Addressing the Costs Of Ecotourism-induced Assessment Mismatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch Between Risk and Response May Amplify Lethal and Non-lethal Effects of Humans on Wild Animal Populations

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of unsustainable practices and their impact are numerous in the industry: over 90% of the wildlife attractions in the Amazon allow problematic direct contact with animals (D'Cruze et al., 2017) and Meissner et al. (2015) demonstrated that viewing boats in New Zealand are affecting the feeding patterns of common dolphins; tourists visiting penguins can disrupt a whole colony's activity, and negatively impact the juveniles' survival (Ellenberg, 2017; McClung et al., 2004). A paradigm shift replacing the animals' interests before profit maximisation in wildlife ecotourism is crucial for both the industry and the wildlife species in question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The like currency generated from such photos also forms the basis of the trend for tourism selfies and can be an incentive to visit attractions with animals. Wildlife selfies—that is, when people take photos of themselves with wild animals—have become highly popular on the Internet, regardless of the negative impacts and risks often associated with them (Carder et al., 2018; D'Cruze et al., 2017; Ellenberg, 2017; Hasanah Abd Mutalib, 2018; Kitson & Nekaris, 2020; Pagel et al., 2020; Pearce & Moscardo, 2015). While this issue is not entirely new (Sontag (1977) already highlighted how intrusive tourists' photography can be for the visited environment and its inhabitants), the latest technological advances have multiplied these effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keep your distance: Using Instagram posts to evaluate the risk of anthroponotic disease transmission in gorilla ecotourism

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Registered birdwatching tourist visitations to Hornøya have nearly doubled over the last several years, from 1100 visitors in 2012 to 1930 in 2019 (the COVID-19 pandemic reduced visitation in 2020 and 2021, and figures for 2022 are not yet available). As is often the case for colonial cliff-breeding bird species, birds at Hornøya allow humans to approach closely, likely due to several mechanisms including anti-predator strategies and costs associated with leaving the nest (Ellenberg 2017 ). The opportunity for close encounters with birds combined with the presence of rare Arctic species, large numbers, and species diversity are key reasons why Hornøya is a highly attractive site to birdwatchers (Dybsand et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Your place or mine? Exploring birdwatching tourists’ behaviour disturbing birds in a nature reserve

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To manage for more sustainable wildlife viewing tourism, a better understanding of tourists’ behaviour that might disturb and negatively affect wildlife such as birds is needed. We conducted a qualitative case study of visitors to Hornøya, a protected bird cliff in Northern Norway. Behaviours with the potential to disturb seabirds at the site were explored using the theory of planned behaviour as a guiding framework. In-depth interviews and observations were used to explore why some visitors perform illegal or unwanted, potentially harmful behaviours, and to understand attitudes, social norms, and perceived behaviour control as influencing factors. The tourists visited Hornøya to experience seabirds in their natural surroundings, without causing harm. They were emotionally affected by the bird encounters, which may lead to thoughts and reflections about environmental challenges and nature protection. Visitors generally did not intend to disturb birds during these encounters. However, many visitors interpreted the birds’ behaviour as meaning that they were not easily disturbed. Poorly developed social norms among visitors, in combination with limited presence of surveillance/guide personnel, and strong behavioural control among some visitors (willingness and ability to engage in illegal behaviour) led to occasional breaching of formal rules as well as incidents of inappropriate, potentially disturbing behaviour towards birds. Experienced wildlife photographers tended to show willingness and ability to engage in illegal behaviour more often than the two other segments.

show abstract

Impacts of Penguin Tourism

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Mismatch Between Risk and Response May Amplify Lethal and Non-lethal Effects of Humans on Wild Animal Populations

Mismatch Between Risk and Response May Amplify Lethal and Non-lethal Effects of Humans on Wild Animal Populations

Keep your distance: Using Instagram posts to evaluate the risk of anthroponotic disease transmission in gorilla ecotourism

Your place or mine? Exploring birdwatching tourists’ behaviour disturbing birds in a nature reserve

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About