“…Other control variables are included such as agriculture labour (L), Arable land (AL), gross domestic saving (SAV), which is considered as an important form of investment in agriculture (Kherallah et al, 1994) and agricultural imports (IMP) and exports (EXP). According to Kherallah et al (1994), agricultural exports generate additional revenues that can be used for investment. In fact, the production of exportable agriculture goods consolidates a comparative advantage (Rana and Dowling, 1988), improves competitiveness and total factor productivity through knowledge transmission (Bangoura, Diaw et al, 2013;Bangoura, Barkat, et al, 2013) and represents an important source of employment, especially for the rural population where the poverty rate is notably the highest (Kherallah et al, 1994).…”