Impacts of n‐acetyl cysteine on gibberellic acid‐induced hepatorenal dysfunction through modulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, antifibrotic and antioxidant activity

Abstract

The extensive usage of gibberellic acid (GA3) in agriculture and plant growth is generally associated with enormous human and public health hazards. The present research assesses the impact of n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on the hepatorenal injury persuaded by GA3 for this purpose, After two weeks of adaptation twenty-four rats allocated into four groups (6 rats/group) as follows: control group, supplied with saline only; n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) group, provided with 150 mg/kg/bw by stomach tube (orally) dissolved in saline; Positive GA3 group, received GA3 (55 mg/kg/bw) orally; Protective group received NAC (150 mg/kg/bw) and GA3 (55 mg/kg/bw) as in NAC and GA3 groups. Rats received their treatments for consecutive 3 weeks.On day 22, rats were anesthetized, then euthanized. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical, antioxidants markers analysis, gene expression, and histopathological examination. Our results revealed significant changes in serum AST, ALT, urea, uric acid, total protein, and albumin levels with a substantial rise of MDA and NO concentration in GA3 treated rats along with a considerable decrease of the GSH and overexpression of the inflammatory hepatic and renal cytokines (IL-10, TNFα, NOS) and fibrotic gene expression TGF-β1, and α-SMA, with boost expression of nuclear factor-kappa (NF k B). NAC co-administered with GA3 significantly normalized the kidney and liver function and the antioxidant state, besides normal histological structure of both liver and kidney tissue and downregulated expression of the proinflammatory cytokines as well as, fibrogenic gene expression. How to cite this article: Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Gaber A, et al. Impacts of n-acetyl cysteine on gibberellic acid-induced hepatorenal dysfunction through modulation of proinflammatory cytokines, antifibrotic and antioxidant activity. J

Chrysin abrogates gibberellic acid‐induced testicular oxidative stress and dysfunction via the regulation of antioxidants and steroidogenesis‐ and apoptosis‐associated genes

“…Many organs exposed to GA3s have been shown to be negatively affected, including the liver, kidney, ovaries, pancreas, cerebellum, testes, and ovaries (Ali et al, 2018; Aty & Masoud, 2016; Lamfon, 2013; Sayed et al, 2020; Soliman et al, 2009; Soliman et al, 2021a; Soliman et al, 2021b). We investigated the negative effects of GA3 on the testes using biochemical, genetic, and histopathological methods and evaluated the potential protective role of chrysin.…”

“…In the testes of rats, GA3 has been reported to cause DNA damage and oxidative stress (Sayed et al, 2020;Soliman et al, 2009;Soliman et al, 2021a;Soliman et al, 2021b). The use of GA3 for an extended period of time reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and elevated oxidative stress.…”

“…GA3 treatment in rats decreased hepatic carbohydrates, total protein content, and liver biomarkers in the serum, as well as alkaline phosphatase (Hussein et al, 2011; Muthu et al, 2011). In the testes of rats, GA3 has been reported to cause DNA damage and oxidative stress (Sayed et al, 2020; Soliman et al, 2009; Soliman et al, 2021a; Soliman et al, 2021b). The use of GA3 for an extended period of time reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and elevated oxidative stress.…”

Royal Jelly and Chlorella vulgaris Mitigate Gibberellic Acid-Induced Cytogenotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats via Modulation of the PPARα/AP-1 Signaling Pathway and Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…Group IV (GA3): Rats were orally administered 55 mg/kg/day gibberellic acid, suspended in distilled water [ 30 ].…”

The mitigating effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the hemotoxicity of gibberellic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…However, previous studies have determined that GA 3 is not exempt of toxicity. The hematotoxicity of GA 3 has been studied using animal models such as rats and mice (Tuluce and Çelik 2006;Muthu et al 2011;Troudi et al 2012a;Ali et al 2021Ali et al , 2022Ahmed and Nofal 2021;Galal et al 2021;Soliman et al 2021aSoliman et al , b, 2022aBushra and Shenouda 2022), hens and quail hens (Elsebai et al 2003b;Elkomy et al 2008;Ismail 2009), and rabbits (El-Sebai 2004). Nevertheless, the impacts of GA 3 on the hematological parameters and erythron profile of fish have not been investigated (Sayed et al 2020).…”