Impacts of human development index and climate conditions on prevalence of Blastocystis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Javanmard, Ehsan; Niyyati, Maryam; Ghasemi, Erfan; Mirjalali, Hamed; Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh; Zali, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.05.014

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…We observed a geographical variation for the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection in appendicitis cases ranging from approximately 2% in the Americas to 8% in Africa. This variation in different continents could be resulted from lifestyle, sanitation status, culture, socioeconomic conditions, and climate [92][93][94][95]. For this purpose, we have done two sub-group analyses to evaluate the impact of HDI and income level parameters on the prevalence of E. vermicularis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Although the main cause of appendicitis is unclear, infection with Enterobius vermicularis is suggested as a neglected risk factor. Since, there is no comprehensive analysis to estimate the prevalence of E. vermicularis in appendicitis; therefore, we conducted a global-scale systematic review and meta-analysis study to estimate the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection in appendicitis cases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published until 15 August 2019. Pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was estimated using the random effects model. Data were classified based on the continents and countries. Moreover, subgroup analyses regarding the gender, the human development index (HDI), and income level of countries were also performed. Fifty-nine studies involving 103195 appendix tissue samples belonging to the individuals of appendicitis were included. The pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was (4%, 95%CI, 2-6%), with the highest prevalence (8%, 95% CI: 0-36%) and lowest prevalence (2%, 95% CI: 1-4%) in Africa and Americas continents, respectively. With respect to countries, the lowest and highest prevalence rates were reported from Venezuela (<1%, 95% CI: 0-1%) and Nigeria (33%, 95% CI: 17-52%), respectively. Indeed, a higher prevalence was observed in females, as well as in countries with lower levels of income and HDI. Our findings indicate the relatively high burden of E. vermicularis infection in appendicitis cases. However, our findings suggest the great need for more epidemiological studies to depth understand overlaps between E. vermicularis infection and appendicitis in countries with lower HDI and income levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Blastocystis is a common eukaryotic microorganism worldwide, living in the large intestine of humans and numerous animal hosts including insects and reptiles [1]. Humans can be infected via the fecal-oral pathway, mainly through ingesting water and food contaminated with Blastocystis cysts as well as close-contact with animals infected with Blastocystis [11]. The number of individuals infected by this parasite is estimated to have increased to more than one billion worldwide [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, sequence analysis of PCR-amplified SSU rRNA gene fragments has the ability to both identify the presence of Blastocystis and genetically characterize this organism. To date, at least 17 subtypes (ST) have been identified in mammals and birds [11]. Ten subtypes (ST1-ST9 and ST12) have been reported in humans, with nine (ST1-ST8 and ST12) being potentially zoonotic [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors

Gong¹,

Liu²,

Wu³

et al. 2019

Parasite

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Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans worldwide. To understand its prevalence and to explore the risk factors for Blastocystis in humans in developing countries, a molecular epidemiological investigation of Blastocystis was conducted in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border. A total of 461 fecal specimens were collected from 289 Yao people in China and 172 Wa people in Myanmar, together with a questionnaire for each participant. Based on sequence analysis of the partial small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene (barcode region or 260 bp region), an average prevalence of 6.29% (29/461) was observed, with 4.50% (13/289) in Yao people and 9.30% (16/172) in Wa people. Twenty-two Blastocystis isolates were successfully subtyped by sequence analysis of the barcode region. Three subtypes were identified: ST1 (n = 7), ST3 (n = 13) and ST4 (n = 2). A statistical difference in the prevalence of Blastocystis was only observed between children (12.37%, 12/97) and adults (4.95%, 16/323), and between not washing hands (11.02%, 14/127) and washing hands (4.76%, 15/315) after using toilets, emphasizing the importance and necessity of health education in people in the investigated areas, especially in children.

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“…The decline of blastocystosis is probably caused by increasing levels of hygiene and expanding health centre networks in Iran in recent years. An analysis of 40 eligible studies from 2003 to 2015 by Badparva et al 31 showed that the pooled prevalence of B hominis was 3% in the Iranian population during the time period, while the pooled prevalence of blastocystosis in another study (Javanmard et al, 2018) based on 86 publications from 1996 to 2017 was 9.1%. 32 As seen in Figure 6, there is no area in Iran with a prevalence higher than 18.5% after 2012, while we saw a prevalence rate in the range of 20% to 28% in the 2007 to 2012 period in the provinces of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kermanshah and Hormozgan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 The prevalence of blastocystosis in the mountainous areas is recorded to be 11% higher than in other climate zones in Iran along with this study. 32,34 According to cluster analysis, Fars Province showed a high-risk area for human blastocystosis after 2012 ( Figure 8). Better prevention strategies and increased program effectiveness are required in this province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing spatio‐temporal distribution of the most common human parasitic infections in Iran over two periods 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018: A systematic quantitative literature review

Kiani

Raouf-Rahmati

Bergquist

et al. 2020

Health Planning & Management

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Summary This study analyses the spatio‐temporal trend of the prevalence of the four most prevalent parasitic diseases in Iran over two periods, 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018, indicating high‐risk and low‐risk areas. Out of 19 126 articles, we selected 220 articles for data extraction and calculated the pooled prevalence for cutaneous leishmaniasis, human toxoplasmosis, giardiasis and blastocystosis for all 31 provinces in the country. Anselin local Moran's I was used to identify clusters and outliers in the prevalence rates. The mean prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients was found 35.12 per 100 000 in 2007 to 2012 but fell to 19.12 per 100 000 in the 2013 to 2018 period. The mean prevalence of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis was 2.36% and 32.5%, respectively, in 2007 to 2012, which changed to 2.28% and 31.14% in 2013 to 2018. The total prevalence of giardiasis declined from 9.8% in 2007 to 2012 to 4.8% in 2013 to 2018, while the mean prevalence of blastocystosis declined from 8.9% in 2007 to 2012 to 6.76% in the 2013 to 2018 period. There was only one high‐high cluster in 2007 to 2012 and that was due to giardiasis, while there were two in 2013 to 2018, one for blastocystosis and one for chronic toxoplasmosis. The total prevalence of blastocystosis, giardiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran has continually declined since 2007. In contrast, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Iranian women has not been changed. Iran's Midwest has more parasitic infections compared to the Mideast, which may be explained by the existence of vast deserts and consequently dry and hot climate in the latter part of the country.

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Impacts of human development index and climate conditions on prevalence of Blastocystis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 57 publications

References 85 publications

The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors

Comparing spatio‐temporal distribution of the most common human parasitic infections in Iran over two periods 2007 to 2012 and 2013 to 2018: A systematic quantitative literature review

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