Impacts of household coal and biomass combustion on indoor and ambient air quality in China: Current status and implication

Li, Qing; Jiang, Jingkun; Wang, Yafei; Rumchev, Krassi; Mead-Hunter, Ryan; Morawska, Lidia; Hao, Jiming

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.080

Cited by 142 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Globally, more than 3 billion people still rely on solid fuels such as biomass (wood, charcoal, agricultural residues, and animal dung) and coal as the primary source of household energy . Burning of coal and biomass fuels in low‐efficiency residential stoves produces large amounts of air pollutants, emissions of CO, PM 2.5 , and black carbon (BC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have significant adverse consequences for indoor and ambient air qualities, resulting in relative contributions of more than one‐third in all anthropogenic emissions . Household air pollution has been recognized as one of the leading environmental risk factors that are associated with various health issues and leads to nearly 4.0 million premature deaths globally .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Burning of coal and biomass fuels in low-efficiency residential stoves produces large amounts of air pollutants, [3][4][5] emissions of CO, PM 2.5 , and black carbon (BC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have significant adverse consequences for indoor and ambient air qualities, resulting in relative contributions of more than one-third in all anthropogenic emissions. [6][7][8][9] Household air pollution has been recognized as one of the leading environmental risk factors that are associated with various health issues and leads to nearly 4.0 million premature deaths globally. 10,11 The percentage of the population that relies on solid fuels as their main energy source is one of the indices in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of solid fuel use with risk of stunting in children living in China

et al. 2019

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Stunting adversely affects physical and mental outcomes of children. It has not been examined whether household air pollution from solid fuel combustion is a risk factor for stunting in children. In a total of 41,439 children aged 6‐17 across China, height was measured using a unified protocol. Multivariable linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of solid fuel use for cooking/heating with stunting in children. Adjusted for covariates, cooking/heating with solid fuel was significantly associated with a lower z‐score for height for age and sex (β = −0.21 [−0.32 to −0.09] and −0.17 [−0.31 to −0.03], respectively) and an increased risk of stunting with an estimated ORs of 1.34 [1.07~1.68] and 1.37 [1.02~1.83], respectively. The risk of stunting associated with solid fuel use was statistically significant in high‐age children. And the effect was greater on girls than on boys, though the difference was not statistically significant. Our study suggested that Chinese children living in households using solid fuel had a significantly higher risk of stunting than those living in households using cleaner fuel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of solid fuel use with risk of stunting in children living in China

et al. 2019

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“…It is estimated that residential coal consumption only accounted for 2.2% of total coal consumption, while industrial activities accounted for 94.9% in China in 2014 (NBSC, ). However, compared to industrial boilers, coal in residential stoves is incompletely combusted without any air pollution control devices and emits higher volumes of PM (Li, Jiang, et al, ). For example, the emission factors (EFs) of carbonaceous particulate matter from residential stoves are about 100 times higher than that from industrial boilers, even when burning the same coal (Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the emission factors (EFs) of carbonaceous particulate matter from residential stoves are about 100 times higher than that from industrial boilers, even when burning the same coal (Zhang et al, ). These features resulted in the contribution of ~35.5% of primary PM 2.5 from residential coal burning to all coal consumption in China in 2010 (Li, Jiang, et al, ). In the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region, residential coal burning contributes 46% of the monthly average PM 2.5 concentration (Zhang, Wang, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Observations of Fine Primary Particles From Residential Coal Burning: Insights Into Their Morphology, Composition, and Hygroscopicity

et al. 2018

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Emissions of residential coal burning are an important contributor to air pollution in developing countries, but few studies have yet comprehensively characterized the physicochemical properties of individual primary particles from residential coal burning. Fine primary particles emitted from eight types of coal with low, medium, and high maturity were collected in the flaming and burn‐out stages in a typical residential stove. Based on morphology and composition of individual particles, they were divided into six types: organic matter (OM), OM‐S, soot‐OM, S‐rich, metal, and mineral particles. Low‐maturity coals (e.g., lignite) dominantly emitted soot‐OM particles in the flaming stage, the medium‐maturity coals (e.g., medium‐maturity bituminous coals) emitted abundant OM particles, and high‐maturity coals (e.g., anthracite) emitted abundant OM‐S particles. We found that carbonaceous particles from coal burning significantly decreased with an increase of coal maturity and that soot particles were mainly formed in the flaming stage of low‐maturity coals under higher burning temperatures. We concluded that coal maturity and burning temperature both determine particulate properties in coal emissions. In addition, OM and soot particles from residential coal burning displayed extremely weak hygroscopicity, while inorganic salts within individual particles determined particle hygroscopic growth. Understanding the characteristics of particulate matter emitted from residential coal burning is helpful to trace sources of ambient particles and clarify their possible aging mechanism in air influenced by coal burning emissions. Our results suggest that air quality improvements can benefit substantially from the replacement of low‐ and medium‐maturity coals with high‐maturity coals, natural gas, or electricity in rural areas.

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“…90,92 Indoor heating and cooking with coals and biomass are also important sources of particulate matter and CO in some urban residences in regions that need heating in winter and in less economically developed regions. 93 Throughout cities in China, lung cancer has increased with worsening air quality. According to the National Central Cancer Registry, 348 107 (57·5%) of 605 946 new lung cancer diagnoses in 2010 were in people who came from urban areas.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%