Impacts of Environmental Variations on Quality and Chemical Contents of Oriental Tobacco

Abstract

Summary Basma tobaccos, in addition to Izmir and Samsun type tobaccos, are the most important high-quality oriental tobacco types grown in Turkey. This research was carried out to determine the effects of a variety of environmental conditions, in four locations on different altitudes on the yield as well as on nicotine, sugar and phenolic substances content. The plant material of the study included 21 Basma lines, which were selected according to their morphological differences and from genotypes separated by DNA fingerprint analysis, and four standard cultivars/lines (checks). The quality grade index of the genotypes was determined by the American grading method and chemical analyses were carried out using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. All the parameters investigated indicated that genotypes were significantly affected by the variation in environmental conditions. Organoleptic observations showed that the quality grade index of genotypes ranged from 24.17 to 100%, and the ERB-7, ERB-13, ERB-15, ERB-19 and ERB-38 lines had the best quality. Nicotine contents of tobacco lines were between 0.31 and 3.15% dry matter (DM). Glucose, fructose and their sum (reducing sugar) contents of genotypes ranged from 1.16 to 8.88% DM, from 2.60 to 8.66% DM and from 4.44 to 15.03% DM, respectively. The ERB-21 and ERB-30 lines are noteworthy tobacco types in terms of reducing sugar contents. The values of chlorogenic acid, one of the phenolic compounds, ranged from 40.67 to 1119.76 ppm, the values of rutin from 121.05 to 1021.53 ppm, and the sum of these two phenolic compounds was from 174.94 ppm to 2019.41 ppm. The effect of variations in the environment on the quality of Oriental tobacco can be clearly explained by the variations in the parameters.

Heterosis and inheritance studies on morphological and chemical characters of tobacco

“…Some characters such as plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf yield (kg ha −1 ) (Kurt et al., 2020) and quality grade index (%) were determined (Kurt, 2021). In addition, nicotine, glucose, fructose, chlorogenic acid, and routine analyzes were carried out with Agilent technology 1260 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies) to determine the chemical structure in Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Field Crops laboratories in Turkey.…”

“…Changes that may occur in any of these factors cause significant differences in the chemical composition of tobacco leaves and, ultimately in smoking (Camlica & Yaldiz, 2021; Kurt & Kinay, 2021). Therefore, this should be considered in the breeding of new tobacco lines, and new tobacco varieties should be cultivated in specific ecologies to which they are adapted (Kurt, 2020, 2021). Chlorogenic acid and rutin, which are among the phenolics, are higher in oriental tobaccos than Virginia and burley tobaccos, and are 6.98 and 1.47% higher in oriental hybrids compared with their parents, respectively (Kinay, 2020).…”

“…In addition, nicotine‐reduced products maintain their importance in terms of health. However, the prevalence of consumption patterns other than cigarettes increases the need for products with high nicotine content (Kurt, 2021; Kurt & Kinay, 2021). The production with the desired characters can only be possible by determining the characters of the line/variety grown and providing suitable production conditions.…”

Quantitative Analysis of Routine Chemical Constituents of Tobacco Based on Thermogravimetric Analysis

“… 3 Among these extractives, the contents of routine chemical constituents, including the total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, total alkaloid, chlorine, and potassium, are the most basic indexes to evaluate the quality of tobacco for the formulation design, 4 quality monitoring, 5 and classification of cigarette products. 6 At present, the contents of these routine chemical constituents in tobacco are mainly detected by continuous-flow analysis. Unfortunately, this method suffers from complex operation, time consumption, and environmental pollution caused by the consumption of a large amount of organic reagents in the testing process.…”

“…As a special lignocellulose biomass, the chemical composition of tobacco is complex. , In addition to hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, the three structural substances that constitute the cell wall, there are also large amounts of extractives . Among these extractives, the contents of routine chemical constituents, including the total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, total alkaloid, chlorine, and potassium, are the most basic indexes to evaluate the quality of tobacco for the formulation design, quality monitoring, and classification of cigarette products . At present, the contents of these routine chemical constituents in tobacco are mainly detected by continuous-flow analysis.…”