Impacts of COVID-19 on protected and conserved areas: a global overview and regional perspectives

Waithaka, John; Dudley, Nigel; Malvido, M. Álvarez; Mora, Samia; Chapman, Sinéad B.; Figgis, Penelope; Fitzsimons, James; Gallon, S.; Gray, Taryn; Kim, M.; Pasha, Mohammad Khalid Sayeed; Perkin, Scott; Roig-Boixeda, P.; Sierra, C.; Valverde, Andy Vite; Wong, Michael S.

doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2021.parks-27-sijw.en

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…This will require large direct funding streams tied to conservation performance criteria. The COVID-19 pandemic has only made the challenge more daunting, as revenue from eco-tourism in many parts of the world has collapsed and poaching has increased, particularly in Africa, as an IUCN supported assessment published in March 2021 documents (Waithaka et al, 2021).…”

Section: Policy Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is sustainable development bad for global biodiversity conservation?

Clémençon

2021

Glob. Sustain.

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Non-technical summary Global biodiversity is in dramatic decline. The general public appears to equate sustainable development with biodiversity conservation and environmental protection, whereas the international policy discourse treats sustainable development as little more than traditional economic development. This gap between public perception of what sustainable development entails and its translation into formal policy goals is an important barrier to mobilizing the public and critical financial support for meeting global biodiversity conservation objectives. This contribution argues that the goal of nature and biodiversity conservation must be much more clearly distinguished from the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) than is currently the case. Technical summary The term ‘sustainable development’ has become widely used since it was popularized through the 1992 Rio UN Conference on Environment and Development. The UN SDGs adopted in 2015 further reinforce the normative centrality of the concept. Yet, the extent to which sustainable development covers nature and biodiversity conservation depends on how it is defined. A better understanding of how the public in different countries assesses the value of local and global biodiversity is crucial for building support for financing the vision to live ‘in harmony with nature by 2050’ currently under negotiation in the Convention on Biodiversity. This review essay discusses four distinct definitions of sustainable development, and considers how these different conceptualizations are used by political actors to serve particular interests. It then describes how this discourse has unfolded in international agreements related to sustainable development and biodiversity. The analysis shows that the prevalent economic cost–benefit approach used to value ecosystem services to make a case for conservation cannot resolve trade-off decisions between short-term economic and long-term societal interests. What is needed is a broad discourse about the ethical and cultural dimensions of biodiversity as a global heritage at the highest political level. Social media abstract The goal of global biodiversity conservation must be more clearly distinguished from the 2015 SDGs economic objectives.

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Section: Policy Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is sustainable development bad for global biodiversity conservation?

Clémençon

2021

Glob. Sustain.

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“…All rights reserved. 17 (Marshall 2020), and from wildlife tourism (Waithaka et al 2021) have been particularly badly affected. Some conservation organisations may not survive the pandemic, and the financial resilience of those that do will have been reduced.…”

Section: Conservation Organisations Funded From Visitor Attractions Including Zoos and Botanic Gardensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative importance of COVID‐19 pandemic impacts on biodiversity conservation globally

Gibbons

Sandbrook

Sutherland

et al. 2021

Conservation Biology

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“…For example, managers could promote services with low arousal and mundane experiences in a more ordinary environment [119,120], which could provide domestic tourists with creative and repetitive pleasure through the discovery of their own limits, new sensations, etc. In extraordinary protected natural park, managers should also offer active participation experience to visitors, allowing for education experience and either escapism experience underlying local tourist services in controlled and secure areas.…”

Section: Sustainable and Sanitary Implications For Protected Natural Park Managersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can create specific zones such as playful visits or event spaces in which tourists can co-produce and co-create experiences more easily and based on their own intellectual and physical resources [55,97], whether the protected natural park is free or controlled. They can also manage overcrowding by restricting access to certain paths, the development of mobile applications to alert people to overcrowding and reporting irresponsible behavior [2,120].…”

Section: Sustainable and Sanitary Implications For Protected Natural Park Managersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A More Sustainable Management of Domestic Tourists in Protected Natural Parks: A New Trend in Sport Tourism after the Covid-19 Pandemic?

Lebrun

Bouchet

2021

Sustainability

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One of the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis has been the development of proximity tourism in outdoor spaces being less conducive to the spread of the virus. From a study preceding this pandemic, this article seeks to better understand the experiences lived by domestic tourists from when they visited two typical protected natural parks as specific experiential contexts (extraordinary versus ordinary) providing different experiences. Each experiential context enables the distinction of actual visitors’ experiences inside each park—education, esthetics, entertainment, escapism, physical activity—differentiated, on one hand by the visitors’ participation axis and, on the other hand, by the absorption-immersion axis influencing the visitors’ arousal and memory. A structural equation model tested the data collected (n = 1000) in both experiential contexts and shows their moderator effect. The results underline the link between the experiential context and the actual experiences and highlight the interest of a new global framework including the visitors’ participation and a bodily axis relative to the specific context. This research could help managers of protected natural parks adjust their domestic tourists’ experience offer during pandemic crises by implementing specific sustainable and sanitary strategies.

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Impacts of COVID-19 on protected and conserved areas: a global overview and regional perspectives

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Is sustainable development bad for global biodiversity conservation?

Is sustainable development bad for global biodiversity conservation?

The relative importance of COVID‐19 pandemic impacts on biodiversity conservation globally

A More Sustainable Management of Domestic Tourists in Protected Natural Parks: A New Trend in Sport Tourism after the Covid-19 Pandemic?

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