Impacts of Brassica break-crops on soil biology and yield of following wheat crops

Smith, Brendan; Kirkegaard, John A.; Howe, G. N.

doi:10.1071/ar03104

Cited by 66 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…(18,31). Smith et al (32) failed to observe changes in microbial communities by Brassica tissues when the following crop was wheat. In in vitro studies (28,32), Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Soilborne Diseases in Strawberry Using Vegetable Rotations

et al. 2007

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The influence of crop rotation on soilborne diseases and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) was determined at a site infested with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia and at another with no known history of V. dahliae infestation during 1997 to 2000. The rotations studied at the V. dahliae-infested site were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) Brussels sprouts-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry; the treatments at the site with no history of V. dahliae were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) cauliflower-cauliflower-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry. The effects of rotation on V. dahliae and Pythium populations, strawberry vigor, Verticillium wilt severity, and strawberry fruit yield were compared with a standard methyl bromide + chloropicrin fumigated control treatment at both sites. Rotations did not alter total population levels of Pythium spp. at either study site. However, V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly reduced with br occoli and Brussels sprouts rotations compared with lettuce rotations at the V. dahliae-infested site. Reduced propagules led to lower Verticillium wilt severity on strawberry plants in the broccoli and Brussels sprouts rotations than in lettuce-rotated plots. Strawberry vigor and fruit yield were significantly lower in lettuce-rotated plots than in broccoli- and Brussels sprouts-rotated plots. Despite no detectable microsclerotia at the other site, strawberry vigor and fruit yield were greatest in plots rotated with broccoli, intermediate with cauliflower, and lowest with lettuce. None of the rotation treatments were better than the fumigated control for all variables measured. In the absence of fumigation, rotation with broccoli and Brussels sprouts is an effective cultural practice for managing Verticillium wilt in strawberry production; whereas, in fields with no detectable V. dahliae, broccoli is also a feasible rotational crop that enhances strawberry growth and yield. According to a cost-benefit analysis, the broccoli-strawberry rotation system could be an economically viable option provided growers are able to alternate years for strawberry cultivation.

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“…(18,31). Smith et al (32) failed to observe changes in microbial communities by Brassica tissues when the following crop was wheat. In in vitro studies (28,32), Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Soilborne Diseases in Strawberry Using Vegetable Rotations

et al. 2007

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“…Subsequent studies revealed that such suppression was often not evident as disease reductions in following crops (Smith et al 2004), partly due to the relatively low concentrations of 2PE-ITC (*1 nmol g -1 soil) which have been measured in the rhizosphere of growing plants Marschner 2003, 2004). An example is the reported increase in levels of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Use Of Gsl In Agriculture: Biofumigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and shoot glucosinolates: a comparison of their diversity, function and interactions in natural and managed ecosystems

2008

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The role of glucosinolates in aboveground plant-insect and plant-pathogen interactions has been studied widely in both natural and managed ecosystems. Fewer studies have considered interactions between root glucosinolates and soil organisms. Similarly, data comparing local and systemic changes in glucosinolate levels after root-and shoot-induction are scarce. An analysis of 74 studies on constitutive root and shoot glucosinolates of 29 plant species showed that overall, roots have higher concentrations and a greater diversity of glucosinolates than shoots. Roots have significantly higher levels of the aromatic 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate, possibly related to the greater effectiveness and toxicity of its hydrolysis products in soil. In shoots, the most dominant indole glucosinolate is indol-3-ylglucosinolate, whereas roots are dominated by its methoxyderivatives. Indole glucosinolates were the most responsive after jasmonate or salicylate induction, but increases after jasmonate induction were most pronounced in the shoot. In general, root glucosinolate levels did not change as strongly as shoot levels. We postulate that roots may rely more on high constitutive levels of glucosinolates, due to the higher and constant pathogen pressure in soil communities. The differences in root and shoot glucosinolate patterns are further discussed in relation to the molecular regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis, the within-tissue distribution of glucosinolates in the roots, and the use of glucosinolate-containing crops for biofumigation. Comparative studies of tissue-specific biosynthesis and regulation in relation to the biological interactions in aboveground and belowground environments are needed to advance investigations of the evolution and further utilization of glucosinolates in natural and managed ecosystems.

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“…However, the available evidence suggests that the benefit of a rape break-crop in a wheat rotation results largely from the non-hosting of takeall (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) rather than any biofumigation (Smith et al 2004). Thus, choice of breakcrop should be made on agronomic characteristics and soil structural benefits rather than potential biofumigation effects.…”

Section: Choice Of Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of crop rotations in determining soil structure and crop growth conditions

Ball¹,

Bingham²,

Rees³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

201

118

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. 2005. The role of crop rotations in determining soil structure and crop growth conditions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 557-577. Increasing concern about the need to provide high-quality food with minimum environmental impact has led to a new interest in crop rotations as a tool to maintain sustainable crop production. We review the role of rotations in the development and preservation of soil structure. After first introducing the types of rotations in current practice and their impact on yield, we assess how soil and crop management in rotations determines soil structure, and in turn how soil structure influences crop growth and yield. We also briefly consider how soil structure might contribute to other beneficial effects of rotations, namely nutrient cycling and disease suppression. Emphasis is given to the influence of crop choice and, where relevant, interaction with tillage system and avoidance of compaction in the improvement and maintenance of soil structure. Crop rotations profoundly modify the soil environment. The sequence of crops in rotation not only influences the removal of nutrients from a soil, but also the return of crop residues, the development and distribution of biopores and the dynamics of microbial communities. These processes contribute to the development of soil structure. We have identified areas where further research is needed to enable the potential benefits of rotations in the management of soil structure to be fully exploited. These include: improved quantitative linkages between soil structure and crop growth, the consequences to soil structure and nutrient cycling of crop residue incorporation, developing natural disease suppression, amelioration of subsoils by crop roots, the fate of carbon deposited by plant roots in soil and the fate of organic nitrogen in soil. Les auteurs passent en revue le rôle de l'assolement dans l'évolution et la préser-vation de la structure du sol. Après avoir présenté les diverses méthodes d'assolement en usage et leur incidence sur le rendement, ils expliquent comment la gestion du sol et des productions végétales durant la rotation affecte la structure du sol et comment cette dernière agit sur la croissance et le rendement des plantes. Les auteurs examinent aussi brièvement la manière dont la structure du sol pourrait contribuer autrement aux effets bénéfiques de l'assolement, notamment dans le cycle des éléments nutritifs et la lutte contre la maladie. Ils insistent sur l'incidence du choix de la culture et, quand la chose est pertinente, sur l'interaction avec le système de travail du sol et la nécessité d'éviter le compactage si l'on veut améliorer ou préserver la structure du sol. L'assolement modifie considérablement l'environnement tellurique. Les cultures qui se succèdent lors de la rotation n'influent pas seulement sur le retrait des éléments nutritifs dans le sol, mais aussi sur la réintégration des débris végétaux, sur le développement et la réparti-tion des biopores et sur la dynamique de la microflore. Ces processus concourent au développe...

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Impacts of Brassica break-crops on soil biology and yield of following wheat crops

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Management of Soilborne Diseases in Strawberry Using Vegetable Rotations

Management of Soilborne Diseases in Strawberry Using Vegetable Rotations

Root and shoot glucosinolates: a comparison of their diversity, function and interactions in natural and managed ecosystems

The role of crop rotations in determining soil structure and crop growth conditions

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