Impacts of amount of chemical agent and addition of steam for activation of petroleum coke with KOH or NaOH

Wu, Jingfeng; Montes, Vicente; Virla, Luis D.; Hill, Josephine M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.09.018

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The AC from petcoke was prepared as described previously. − Briefly, petroleum coke (∼2.5 g) was physically mixed with KOH (1:3 mass ratio of coke to KOH) using a mortar and pestle. The mixture was heated to T = 1073 K under flowing N 2 gas for 120 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removal of metal salts and ash was confirmed using EDX analysis. The sample was then dried overnight at 383 K. All material characterization has been provided elsewhere. − The material used has a surface area of 2671 m 2 g –1 , a pore volume of 1.26 mL g –1 , a micropore volume of 1.16 mL g –1 , and a mesopore volume of 0.10 mL g –1 . Lower surface area materials were not investigated in this initial study, but could be for targeting optimal processes and material costs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACs derived from petroleum coke (ACs from petcoke) have the potential to outperform previous adsorbents because (i) ACs are generally more stable than MOFs, (ii) ACs from petcoke will be inexpensive, (iii) the feedstock is a waste product, and (iv) they can be highly aromatic (graphitic). As such, this study investigated the adsorption capacity of AC from petcoke using chemical activation with KOH at 1073 K. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Industrial Emission Using Activated Carbon Derived from Petroleum Coke

Jacobs

Wynnyk

Lalani

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Activated carbon (AC) materials are porous structures generated by activation of either pyrolyzed plant or coke materials through physical or chemical means. While being widely used in industry for water, air, and product purification, ACs also may be suitable for the removal of pollutants from flue gas or sulfur compounds from natural gas fuels before combustion, provided the processes/materials are economic. ACs derived from petroleum coke (petcoke) that is often stranded and considered a low-quality byproduct are relatively inexpensive. To date, the pure component adsorption and selectivities for AC from petcoke have not been reported and compared to other reported ACs for practical application with flue gas, sour gas, or acid gas purification. Here we show that an AC from petcoke displays both high-selectivity and capacity toward SO2 and H2S. Single component volumetric adsorption experiments show adsorption as high as 554 mg g–1 for SO2 at p = 0.56 bar and 256 mg g–1 for H2S at p = 1 bar (T = 25 °C). This SO2 uptake is 66% higher than the previous highest SO2 uptake on an AC and 39 times as selective toward SO2 versus N2. These results suggest that AC from petcoke is an excellent material for recovering sulfur compounds from industrial flue gas or raw fuel, with the benefit of making use of a petroleum solid waste.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Industrial Emission Using Activated Carbon Derived from Petroleum Coke

Jacobs

Wynnyk

Lalani

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

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“…Recent works emphasized the fact that such physical mixing or impregnation methods are helpful in achieving high surface areas when chemical reagents based on alkaline hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), are used. This technique also helps developing suitable microporosity with narrower pore size distribution and a relatively higher presence of the smaller micropores [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient CO₂ Capture by Ultra‐high Microporous Activated Carbon Made from Natural Coal

et al. 2020

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Efficient CO 2 capture capabilities of activated carbons prepared from natural coal are presented. The preparation method involved simple chemical activation using wet impregnation or dry physical mixing of the raw sample with activating agents like KOH or NaOH. The activated materials were characterized for their structural and textural properties by different analysis techniques. The activated samples exhibited well-developed porosity, large surface area, and high pore volumes and had other active elements like oxygenated functional groups. These groups modified the surface energy of the resultant samples. The superior performance of the activated carbons was attributed to several factors, including large surface area, presence of narrow micropores, and oxygenated functional groups on the surface.

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“…The total acidities were 1.21 mmol/g [15] and 5.25 mmol/g [16], with the higher number of sulfonic groups resulting in higher activity for esterification [17]. During activation, the carbon-sulfur bonds break first, and then the sulfur is removed either as a gas phase species or during the washing step that is done to make the pores accessible [18]. Thus, the activation step removes sulfur and decreases the yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Acid Functionalization of Petroleum Coke to Access Inherent Sulfur

et al. 2020

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Sulfonated carbon-based catalysts have been identified as promising solid acid catalysts, and petroleum coke (petcoke), a byproduct of the oil industry, is a potential feedstock for these catalysts. In this study, sulfur-containing (6.5 wt%) petcoke was used as a precursor for these catalysts through direct functionalization (i.e., without an activation step) with nitric acid to access the inherent sulfur. Catalysts were also prepared using sulfuric acid and a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid (1:3 vol ratio). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and titration were used to identify and quantify the acid sites. The activities of the prepared catalysts were determined for the esterification of octanoic acid with methanol. Petcoke had few −SO3H groups, and correspondingly no catalytic activity for the reaction. All acid treatments increased the number of −SO3H groups and promoted esterification. Treatment with nitric acid alone resulted in the oxidation of the inherent sulfur in petcoke to produce ~0.7 mmol/g of strong acid sites and a total acidity of 5.3 mmol/g. The acidity (strong acid and total) was lower with sulfuric acid treatment but this sample was more active for the esterification reaction (TOF of 31 h−1 compared to 7 h−1 with nitric acid treatment).

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Impacts of amount of chemical agent and addition of steam for activation of petroleum coke with KOH or NaOH

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Industrial Emission Using Activated Carbon Derived from Petroleum Coke

Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Industrial Emission Using Activated Carbon Derived from Petroleum Coke

Efficient CO₂ Capture by Ultra‐high Microporous Activated Carbon Made from Natural Coal

Nitric Acid Functionalization of Petroleum Coke to Access Inherent Sulfur

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Impacts of amount of chemical agent and addition of steam for activation of petroleum coke with KOH or NaOH

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Industrial Emission Using Activated Carbon Derived from Petroleum Coke

Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Industrial Emission Using Activated Carbon Derived from Petroleum Coke

Efficient CO2 Capture by Ultra‐high Microporous Activated Carbon Made from Natural Coal

Nitric Acid Functionalization of Petroleum Coke to Access Inherent Sulfur

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Efficient CO₂ Capture by Ultra‐high Microporous Activated Carbon Made from Natural Coal