2020
DOI: 10.3390/catal10020259
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Abstract: Sulfonated carbon-based catalysts have been identified as promising solid acid catalysts, and petroleum coke (petcoke), a byproduct of the oil industry, is a potential feedstock for these catalysts. In this study, sulfur-containing (6.5 wt%) petcoke was used as a precursor for these catalysts through direct functionalization (i.e., without an activation step) with nitric acid to access the inherent sulfur. Catalysts were also prepared using sulfuric acid and a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid (1:3 vol ratio… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…30,89,99 The electron deficient carbon coupled with the electronegative nitrogen atom (C=N) peak appeared at 287.91 eV, and the peak assigned to the C-N/C-S appeared at 286.16 eV. 30,89,98,99 The area under the C-N/C-S peak was about three times bigger than that for the C=N, which confirmed the presence of DDTC structure. Also, the peak at 288.78 eV was related to the C=S bond.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 90%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…30,89,99 The electron deficient carbon coupled with the electronegative nitrogen atom (C=N) peak appeared at 287.91 eV, and the peak assigned to the C-N/C-S appeared at 286.16 eV. 30,89,98,99 The area under the C-N/C-S peak was about three times bigger than that for the C=N, which confirmed the presence of DDTC structure. Also, the peak at 288.78 eV was related to the C=S bond.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…86 The second doublet (at 163.6 eV and 164.78 eV) and third doublet (at 166.84 eV and 168.02 eV) can be correlated to C-S and C=S of the DDTC structure, respectively. 83,[94][95][96][97][98] The peaks at 168.33 eV and 169.51 eV of the S 2p spectrum are attributed to the oxidized sulfur (related to the peak at 532.04 eV of O 1s spectrum). This oxidized sulfur peak may belong to the absorbed oxygen into the Ce+DDTC complex structure.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All catalysts contained C, O, and S, while the doped catalysts also contained B. Deconvoluted C 1s and B 1s spectra are shown in Figure . On the basis of our previous work on petcoke-derived catalysts, the various C 1s spectra of PC were C–C/CC, C–S, and C–O . The deconvoluted C 1s spectrum for catalyst PC-600 (Figure a) contained peaks for C–C/CC, C–OH/C–O–C, and COOH at 284.5, 285.4, and 288.4 eV, respectively, while the spectrum for catalyst PC-900 (Figure b) contained peaks for C–C/CC, C–O, C = O, and π–π* delocalized electrons at 284.4, 286, 287.2, and 290.2 eV, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Further thermodynamic analysis based on the Benson group contribution method illustrated that thiophene tended to generate an equal amount of sulfate and sulfide but more SO 2 than H 2 S, and sulfoxide tended to generate more SO 2 than H 2 S and more sulfate than sulfide. Except for KOH activation, the inherent sulfur of petroleum coke also could be accessed by nitric acid functionalization [ 54 ]. The proposed reaction pathway for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene [ 56 ] was seen that sulfur in the thiophene groups could be oxidized to sulfone which could be further oxidized to sulfonic and hydroxyl groups in the presence of water.…”
Section: The Effect Of the Evolution Of Functional Groups On Hg ...mentioning
confidence: 99%