Impacto do glyphosate associado a inseticida e fungicida na atividade microbiana e no potencial de solubilização de fosfato em solo cultivado com soja Roundup Ready®
Abstract:RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade microbiana e o potencial de solubilização de fosfato inorgânico em solos cultivados com soja sob diferentes manejos fitossanitários. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo câmbico. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação ou não da mistura de inseticida (endossulfan) + fungicida (tebucona… Show more
“…Araújo et al (2003) verified that soils with application of Glyphosate exhibited higher microbial respiration during the beginning of incubation, showing that microorganisms are the main responsible by the biodegradation of the herbicide in the soil. However, Reis et al (2009) did not detected any alteration in respiratory rates in soils treated with Fomesafen + Fuazifop-p-butyl and Glyphosate and with or without application of the mixture of insecticide (Endosulfan) + fungicide (Tebuconaloze). We highlight that scarce studies are available concerning the effect of insecticides on soil microbiology.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Thus, the study of pesticide's effects on nontarget populations represents an acceptable strategy to evaluate their potential environmental risk (Ferreira et al, 2009). Soil microorganisms promote organic matter breakdown, formation and stabilization of soil aggregates, bio-geo-chemical nutrient cycling within the soil, pathogen suppression, production of phytohormones, breakdown of xenobiotic compounds, among others (Reis et al, 2009;Pôrto et al, 2009).…”
Changes on soil microbial activity may be triggered by different management approaches and the study of the effects of such changes on xenobiotics, of non-target populations, may represent a valuable strategy to evaluate their environmental risk potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Phytosanitary control measures over microbial activity and genetic variability of bacteria in soil cultivated under the forage cactus Opuntia ficus-indica. The experiment was performed at Caetés region in Pernambuco, Brazil. Three days after the application of the xenobiotics (water (control); detergent + sodium hypochlorite; Neem oil; Methomyl and Thiamethoxam + Lambdacyhalotrin), soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected and transported to laboratory. Respirometry, density of bacterial population and morphologic and genetic variability of bacteria were evaluated with molecular techniques, using BOX-PCR in a completely randomized statistical design. Regarding to respirometry, the amount of CO 2 released from the soil samples was greater within the plots where the insecticide Thiamethoxam + Lambda-cyhalotrin was applied, when compared with control. Soil treatments with only water and water + sodium hypochlorite showed the highest population densities (0.96 and 0.94 × 10 2 CFU.g-1 , respectively). Concerning to morphological characteristics (color), there was prevalence of white color colonies, with a little visual phenotypic variability. However, the use of molecular techniques revealed high genetic variability among the white colored colonies evaluated, demonstrating the importance of more detailed studies on the effects of xenobiotics on soil microbiota prior to its use of recommendation.
“…Araújo et al (2003) verified that soils with application of Glyphosate exhibited higher microbial respiration during the beginning of incubation, showing that microorganisms are the main responsible by the biodegradation of the herbicide in the soil. However, Reis et al (2009) did not detected any alteration in respiratory rates in soils treated with Fomesafen + Fuazifop-p-butyl and Glyphosate and with or without application of the mixture of insecticide (Endosulfan) + fungicide (Tebuconaloze). We highlight that scarce studies are available concerning the effect of insecticides on soil microbiology.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Thus, the study of pesticide's effects on nontarget populations represents an acceptable strategy to evaluate their potential environmental risk (Ferreira et al, 2009). Soil microorganisms promote organic matter breakdown, formation and stabilization of soil aggregates, bio-geo-chemical nutrient cycling within the soil, pathogen suppression, production of phytohormones, breakdown of xenobiotic compounds, among others (Reis et al, 2009;Pôrto et al, 2009).…”
Changes on soil microbial activity may be triggered by different management approaches and the study of the effects of such changes on xenobiotics, of non-target populations, may represent a valuable strategy to evaluate their environmental risk potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Phytosanitary control measures over microbial activity and genetic variability of bacteria in soil cultivated under the forage cactus Opuntia ficus-indica. The experiment was performed at Caetés region in Pernambuco, Brazil. Three days after the application of the xenobiotics (water (control); detergent + sodium hypochlorite; Neem oil; Methomyl and Thiamethoxam + Lambdacyhalotrin), soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected and transported to laboratory. Respirometry, density of bacterial population and morphologic and genetic variability of bacteria were evaluated with molecular techniques, using BOX-PCR in a completely randomized statistical design. Regarding to respirometry, the amount of CO 2 released from the soil samples was greater within the plots where the insecticide Thiamethoxam + Lambda-cyhalotrin was applied, when compared with control. Soil treatments with only water and water + sodium hypochlorite showed the highest population densities (0.96 and 0.94 × 10 2 CFU.g-1 , respectively). Concerning to morphological characteristics (color), there was prevalence of white color colonies, with a little visual phenotypic variability. However, the use of molecular techniques revealed high genetic variability among the white colored colonies evaluated, demonstrating the importance of more detailed studies on the effects of xenobiotics on soil microbiota prior to its use of recommendation.
“…The preference for the use of herbicides is due to ease of acquisition and application, less use of manpower and control efficiency. Brazil is the largest consumer of the world's agrochemicals and herbicides are the most marketed (Reis et al, 2009). …”
Section: Compatibility Between Herbicides and Natural Enemiesmentioning
As plantas daninhas competem por diferentes recursos com as culturas agrícolas, sendo o manejo dessas plantas necessário para que se possa minimizar perdas na produção. Por outro lado, a diversidade de espécies vegetais que se comportam como planta daninha pode contribuir de forma positiva para a sobrevivência de diversos artrópodes e inimigos naturais. O objetivo dessa revisão foi sistematizar as evidências científicas sobre os impactos do controle de plantas daninhas e da aplicação de herbicidas em insetos não alvos, como os predadores e parasitoides de pragas, benéficos para a agricultura, e presentes em diferentes culturas agrícolas. Neste sentido, foram reportadas consequências do controle das plantas daninhas em insetos presentes nos agroecossistemas, bem como, os potenciais riscos do uso generalizado de herbicidas em culturas agrícolas. Por fim, essa revisão compila o estado atual do conhecimento de relações ecológicas em sistemas agrícolas, tendo como foco o manejo sustentável de plantas daninhas, aliado ao manejo integrado de pragas.
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