Impaction of particle streams on a granular bed

Discrete particle simulation of solid flow in a three-dimensional blast furnace sector model

“…The application of DEM to BF has been made by some researchers on various aspects, including burden distribution at the top [12][13][14][15], gas-solid flow in BF shaft [16][17][18][19][20][21] and raceway [22][23][24][25], and solid behaviour in the hearth [26,27]. Most of those studies are mainly focused on a particular region, e.g.…”

“…Some studies [17][18][19][20][21][22] use a combined approach of DEM and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) to investigate the influence of gas phase on solid flow in a BF, mainly focused on the raceway where gas-solid interaction is strong. To date, most of DEM applications to BF are mainly on the basis of two-dimensional (2D) slot models [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. On the other hand, experimental studies in three-dimensional (3D) models have been carried out (e.g.…”

Investigation of Coke Collapse in the Blast Furnace Using Mathematical Modeling and Small Scale Experiments

“…This action is termed "coke push" or "coke collapse". Coke collapse has been observed both in numerical studies 1,7) and experimentally. 8,9) Various schemes have been suggested to prevent the collapse, for example creating a coke plateau near the wall and controlling the particle trajectory.…”

“…Some studies have correlated the coke collapse effect to the energy of the particle flow, 7,16) but these studies do not consider the shape of burden surface on which the ore is charged. This is a complication as the profile may vary strongly depending on the charging program.…”