Impact on Structural, Morphological, and compositional properties of CZTS thin films annealed in different environments

Physical properties of the low-cost CZTS absorber layer deposited by spin-coating: effect of the copper concentration associated with SCAPS-1D simulation

“… 33 In addition, Jain et al found that when the film was Cu rich, the distribution of grains was more uniform, leading to a compact form with fewer cracks. 35 …”

“…33 In addition, Jain et al found that when the lm was Cu rich, the distribution of grains was more uniform, leading to a compact form with fewer cracks. 35 The EDX results are listed in Table 3 and show that all the samples contained the principal elements of CZTS (Cu, Zn, Sn, and S) with different atomic compositions, which were similar to the stoichiometric form. The presence of oxygen and silicon was attributed to the composition of the glass substrate.…”