Impact of α‐cellulose as a green filler on physico‐mechanical properties of a solution grade styrene‐butadiene rubber based tire‐tread compound

Abstract

Physico-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of typical solution grade styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (PBR) based tiretread compound were investigated by partially replacing highly dispersible (HD) silica with naturally occurring α-cellulose. Fourier transform infrared spectrum detected abundance of hydroxyl group in α-cellulose, which has created keenness to investigate its reinforcement characteristics in an S-SBR and PBR based compound. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were employed to investigate the microstructure and dispersion of α-cellulose at higher magnification. Thermo-gravimetric analysis was performed to understand the degradation behavior of α-cellulose. Differential scanning calorimeter was engaged to detect phase transition and degree of purity of α-cellulose. An increase in cure rate was observed with partial replacement of HD silica by α-cellulose. The cure rate index was increased by 13% over control one at 10% replacement of silica with α-cellulose. It was noticed that at an optimum level of replacement (10%), α-cellulose containing compounds exhibited lower viscoelastic energy dissipation (both loss modulus [E 00 ] and loss tangent [tan δ]) at the slight expense of tensile moduli. Beside these, substitution of silica with α-cellulose found to have no effect on wet grip property of the compounds.

Nanofiber‐Carbon black dual filler reinforced sustainable high‐performance Natural Rubber nanocomposites

“…[ 12,13 ] The development of such reinforcing systems using high aspect ratio nanofillers along with low‐cost fillers like carbon black can be of huge technical significance in the rubber or tire industries. [ 14–16 ]…”

“…[12,13] The development of such reinforcing systems using high aspect ratio nanofillers along with low-cost fillers like carbon black can be of huge technical significance in the rubber or tire industries. [14][15][16] The viscoelastic responses of polymer nanocomposites are very important from both the processing and application point of view. The viscoelastic characteristics of polymer nanocomposites can be attributed to the existence of two main factors: the neat or free polymer matrix whose hydrodynamic effects are unaffected by filler incorporation, and a three-dimensional network formed of either interconnected fillers or fractions of polymer adsorbed filler.…”

Valorization of sawdust biomass for biopolymer extraction via green method: Comparison with conventional process

“…The large quantity of α‐cellulose can be potentially used for the production of paper. It has been stated that there is a relationship with the content of α‐cellulose and various properties such as thermal stability, molecular weight and crystallinity, in general, when it is used as a filler 131,132 . In this context, Nieschlag et al 124 .…”

“…It has been stated that there is a relationship with the content of α-cellulose and various properties such as thermal stability, molecular weight and crystallinity, in general, when it is used as a filler. 131,132 In this context, Nieschlag et al 124 demonstrated that percentages higher than 34.0% are appropriated for these purposes. Thus, the SW as agro-industrial residues, treated through the GM, can be suitable for the production of pulp and paper.…”

A Review of Rubber Biocomposites Reinforced with Lignocellulosic Fillers

“…Additionally, some examples are described in more detail in Table 8. Other studies also used BR [170][171][172], SR [173][174][175][176][177], EPDM [178,179] and EVA [180], as well as rubber blends such as NR/SBR [181][182][183][184][185][186], NR/NBR [187], NR/SBR/BR [188,189], NR/BR [190], NR/EVA [191] and SBR/NBR [192] as a matrix for lignocellulosic-based rubber composites.…”