Impact of Worsened Metabolic Syndrome on the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Abstract

BackgroundThe relationship of alteration of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with dementia remains unclear. The purpose of study was to evaluate the association between dynamic change in MetS status around a 5‐year period and dementia.Methods and ResultsThe cohort study was conducted from the Taiwanese Survey on Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, and Hyperlipidemia in 2002, with follow‐up in 2007. The sample was subsequently linked to the National Health Insurance Research Database. Participants were divided into 3 groups: persistent MetS (MetS both in 2002 and 2007); nonpersistent MetS (MetS either in 2002 or 2007); and non‐MetS (MetS neither in 2002 nor 2007). Furthermore, the individuals with nonpersistent MetS were categorized as improved MetS (MetS in 2002 but not in 2007) and worsened MetS (MetS not in 2002 but in 2007). Each participant was tracked until the end of 2011 to identify the development of dementia. In total, 3458 participants aged 40 to 80 years were included. Up to 10 years and 31 741 person‐years of follow‐up, 76 patients developed dementia. Only a relationship was found between the nonpersistent MetS and dementia (adjusted hazard ratio=1.93; 95% confidence interval =1.17–3.19; P=0.010). Moreover, a significantly higher dementia risk was observed in patients with worsened MetS (adjusted hazard ratio=2.22; 95% confidence interval=1.32–3.72; P=0.003), but not those with persistent (P=0.752) or improved (P=0.829) MetS. Similar results were detected in participants aged ≥65 years.ConclusionsPatients with worsened MetS had an increased dementia risk during the 10‐year follow‐up period in a population‐based sample.

Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia

“…We showed that an improvement of MS status was associated with reduced occurrence of dementia. This result is consistent with a previous study [13], in which an improved group showed less risk of dementia than a persistent MS group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that among MS components, fasting glucose and blood pressure were most important for risk reduction.…”

Risk of dementia associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study using the English longitudinal study of ageing

“…4,5 Cardiometabolic abnormalities include cardiovascular risk factors such as central obesity, raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, high blood glucose, and increased inflammation. [8][9][10][11][12] Some studies indicate cardiometabolic abnormalities increase the risk of dementia, 9,12 whereas others find no association. [8][9][10][11][12] Some studies indicate cardiometabolic abnormalities increase the risk of dementia, 9,12 whereas others find no association.…”

“…6,7 However, the evidence-base regarding the association of cardiometabolic abnormalities with cognitive decline and incident dementia is mixed. [8][9][10][11][12] Some studies indicate cardiometabolic abnormalities increase the risk of dementia, 9,12 whereas others find no association. 10,11 Some researchers, instead, propose that individual markers of cardiometabolic abnormalities are linked with dementia rather than combined cardiometabolic abnormalities.…”

Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status With the Incidence of Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective Study in Chinese Adults

“…Therefore, this 6-year prospective study aimed to investigate the association of MetS with the incidence of TNs in Chinese adults. Since the MetS status is known to change dynamically (18)(19)(20), we also explored whether the development of or recovery from MetS is associated with an altered risk for TNs.…”