Impact of wastewater derived dissolved interfering compounds on growth, enzymatic activity and trace organic contaminant removal of white rot fungi – A critical review

Abstract

White-rot fungi (WRF) and their ligninolytic enzymes have been investigated for the removal of a broad spectrum of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) mostly from synthetic wastewater in lab-scale experiments. Only a few studies have reported the efficiency of such systems for the removal of TrOCs from real wastewater. Wastewater derived organic and inorganic compounds can inhibit: (i) WRF growth and their enzyme production capacity; (ii) enzymatic activity of ligninolytic enzymes; and (iii) catalytic efficiency of both WRF and enzymes. It is observed that essential metals such as Cu, Mn and Co at trace concertation (up to 1 mM) can improve the growth of WRF species, whereas non-essential metal such as Pb, Cd and Hg at 1 mM concentration can inhibit WRF growth and their enzyme production. In the case of purified enzymes, most of the tested metals at 1-5 mM concentration do not significantly inhibit the activity of laccases. Organic interfering compounds such as oxalic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 1 mM concentration are potent inhibitors of WRF and their extracellular enzymes. However, inhibitory effects induced by interfering compounds are strongly influenced by the type of WRF species as well as experimental conditions (e.g., incubation time and TrOC type). In this review, mechanisms and factors governing the interactions of interfering compounds with WRF and their ligninolytic enzymes are reviewed and elucidated. In addition, the performance of WRF and their ligninolytic enzymes for the removal of TrOCs from synthetic and real wastewater is critically summarized.

Carbamazepine as a Possible Anthropogenic Marker in Water: Occurrences, Toxicological Effects, Regulations and Removal by Wastewater Treatment Technologies

“…White-rot fungi (WRF) can degrade a variety of recalcitrant pollutants (e.g., poly-aromatic hydrocarbons and PhACs) that are poorly degraded by bacteria-dominated activated sludge [148][149][150][151][152]. In presence of a readily degradable substrate, WRF produce one or more type of extracellular enzymes such as laccase and lignin peroxidases (LiP).…”

Treatment of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds (NHCs) in Coking Wastewater by White-Rot Fungi

“…The lower enzyme activity is mainly due to the complex composition of the actual coking wastewater. Such wastewater contains a lot of toxic and harmful substances which inhibit secretion of laccase (Asif et al, 2017). On 12-15 th day, the laccase activity in the actual coking wastewater of Cu (II) system was twice as much as the laccase activity in other systems.…”

“…It can be seen from Figure 15, that on the first five days, the laccase secretion of white-rot fungi was inhibited. The laccase activity levels were maintained at about 10 U/mL, which is due to the simultaneous presence of a variety of other toxic and harmful substances in coking wastewater that may play significant roles in inhibition of enzyme secretion in white rot fungi (Asif et al, 2017). After five days of domestication, the white-rot fungi supposedly adapted to the actual coking wastewater culture environment which subsequently led to an increase in the enzyme activity levels.…”

Influence of Mesoporous Inorganic Al–B–P Amphiprotic Surfactant Material Resistances of Wood against Brown and White-Rot Fungi (Part 1)

“…Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta fungi degrade wood in the crystalline region by cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes [2]. P. placenta fungi colonize wood by the sequential decomposition of lignin and cellulose using their extracellular enzyme system [3][4][5]. Wood decayed by P. placenta has been further chemically characterized by a number of β-xylosidases and endo-xylanases [2].…”