Impact of virus surface characteristics on removal mechanisms within membrane bioreactors

Chaudhry, Rabia M.; Holloway, Ryan W.; Cath, Tzahi Y.; Nelson, Kara L.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.020

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For norovirus, Governal and Gerba [34] conducted challenge tests of MS2 in a pilot-scale system with RO. The mean influent and effluent concentrations for MS2 were 2.2 × 10 5 ± 1.3 × 10 5 and 1.2 × 10 1 ± 0.6 × 10 1 PFU/ml, respectively, and previously described error propagation techniques [54] were used to determine a removal distribution (µ = 4.3, σ = 0.34). MS2 was considered to be representative of norovirus removal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Microbial Risk for Direct Potable Reuse and de Facto Reuse Treatment Schemes: The Impacts of Source Water Quality and Blending

Chaudhry

Hamilton

Haas

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Although reclaimed water for potable applications has many potential benefits, it poses concerns for chemical and microbial risks to consumers. We present a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Monte Carlo framework to compare a de facto water reuse scenario (treated wastewater-impacted surface water) with four hypothetical Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) scenarios for Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Salmonella. Consumer microbial risks of surface source water quality (impacted by 0–100% treated wastewater effluent) were assessed. Additionally, we assessed risks for different blending ratios (0–100% surface water blended into advanced-treated DPR water) when source surface water consisted of 50% wastewater effluent. De facto reuse risks exceeded the yearly 10−4 infections risk benchmark while all modeled DPR risks were significantly lower. Contamination with 1% or more wastewater effluent in the source water, and blending 1% or more wastewater-impacted surface water into the advanced-treated DPR water drove the risk closer to the 10−4 benchmark. We demonstrate that de facto reuse by itself, or as an input into DPR, drives microbial risks more so than the advanced-treated DPR water. When applied using location-specific inputs, this framework can contribute to project design and public awareness campaigns to build legitimacy for DPR.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Microbial Risk for Direct Potable Reuse and de Facto Reuse Treatment Schemes: The Impacts of Source Water Quality and Blending

Chaudhry

Hamilton

Haas

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…Others similar full-scale systems have demonstrated viral pathogen removal rates of greater than 4 log 10 (Chaudhry et al, 2015;Simmons et al, 2011). It is important to note that both AdV and NoV were detected (using qPCR) after the chlorination stage of the treatment system in single samples.…”

Section: Membrane Bioreactor (Mbr) Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In brief, MBR membranes have relatively small pore sizes (0.03-0.40 µm), resulting in the physical exclusion of a wide variety of microorganisms (Ottoson et al, 2006;Simmons et al, 2011). Although most viruses are smaller than the membrane pore sizes presently used in many MBR systems, recent studies have reported high removal values for viruses Simmons et al, 2011;Hai et al, 2014;Chaudhry et al, 2015;Miura et al, 2015;Purnell et al, 2015;. Consequentely, there is still some disagreement as to the most important mechanisms for virus removal in MBR systems, but it is thought to be primarily influenced by the development of a biofilm on the membrane, and by virus adsorption to this biomass Shang et al, 2009;Hirani et al, 2014;van den Akker et al, 2014).…”

Section: Membrane Bioreactor (Mbr) Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using indicators to assess microbial treatment and disinfection efficacy

Momba¹,

Ebdon²,

Kamika³

et al. 2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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“…Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) provided 3.9-5.5 log removal of adenovirus, 4.6-5.7 log removal of NoV genotype II (GII), and 5.4-7/1 log removal of male specific coliphage; the greatest contribution to total removal was provided by the backwashed membrane, followed by inactivation, the cake layer, and attachment to solids (Chaudhry, Nelson, and Drewes, 2015 (Chaudhry, Holloway, Cath, and Nelson, 2015).…”

Section: Wastewater and Natural Treatment Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%