Impact of urban warming on earlier spring flowering in Korea

Jeong, Jee Hoon; Ho, Chin Siong; Linderholm, Hans W.; Jeong, Sooyeon; Chen, Deliang; Choi, Yun-Sang

doi:10.1002/joc.2178

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As noted in previous studies, FFD data in South Korea are among the longest historical observations in the world [14], [15]. Despite the scale difference between satellite and ground data, FFD may be appropriate for validating satellite-retrieved surface phenology [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Satellite Data-Based Phenological Evaluation of the Nationwide Reforestation of South Korea

Jeong

Choi

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Through the past 60 years, forests, now of various age classes, have been established in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula through nationwide efforts to reestablish forests since the Korean War (1950–53), during which more than 65% of the nation's forest was destroyed. Careful evaluation of long-term changes in vegetation growth after reforestation is one of the essential steps to ensuring sustainable forest management. This study investigated nationwide variations in vegetation phenology using satellite-based growing season estimates for 1982–2008. The start of the growing season calculated from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) agrees reasonably with the ground-observed first flowering date both temporally (correlation coefficient, r = 0.54) and spatially (r = 0.64) at the 95% confidence level. Over the entire 27-year period, South Korea, on average, experienced a lengthening of the growing season of 4.5 days decade−1, perhaps due to recent global warming. The lengthening of the growing season is attributed mostly to delays in the end of the growing season. The retrieved nationwide growing season data were used to compare the spatial variations in forest biomass carbon density with the time-averaged growing season length for 61 forests. Relatively higher forest biomass carbon density was observed over the regions having a longer growing season, especially for the regions dominated by young (<30 year) forests. These results imply that a lengthening of the growing season related to the ongoing global warming may have positive impacts on carbon sequestration, an important aspect of large-scale forest management for sustainable development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Ground observations provide detailed temporal variations for specific species but have limited spatial coverage, which has been a major shortcoming of previous studies of the growing season based on flowering data of a large area, such as the entire nation [14], [15]. Fall phenology data are even more limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Data-Based Phenological Evaluation of the Nationwide Reforestation of South Korea

Jeong

Choi

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…2006) and require less chilling and forcing temperatures (Jeong et al. 2011), making them sensitive indicators of temperature changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does flower phenology mirror the slowdown of global warming?

Jochner

Menzel

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Although recent global warming trends in air temperature are not as pronounced as those observed only one decade ago, global mean temperature is still at a very high level. Does plant phenology – which is believed to be a suitable indicator of climate change – respond in a similar way, that is, does it still mirror recent temperature variations? We explored in detail long-term flowering onset dates of snowdrop, cherry, and lime tree and relevant spring temperatures at three sites in Germany (1901–2012) using the Bayesian multiple change-point approach. We investigated whether mean spring temperature changes were amplified or slowed down in the past decade and how plant phenology responded to the most recent temperature changes. Incorporating records with different end points (i.e., 2002 and 2012), we compared differences in trends and inferred possible differences caused by extrapolating phenological and meteorological data. The new multiple-change point approach is characterized by an enhanced structure and greater flexibility compared to the one change point model. However, the highest model probabilities for phenological (meteorological) records were still obtained for the one change point (linear) model. Marked warming trends in the recent decade were only revealed for mean temperatures of March to May, here better described with one or two change point models. In the majority of cases analyzed, changes in temperatures were well mirrored by phenological changes. However, temperatures in March to May were linked to less strongly advancing onset dates for lime tree flowering during the period 1901-2012, pointing to the likely influence of photoperiodic constraints or unfulfilled chilling requirements. Due to the slowdown of temperature increase, analyses conducted on records ending in 2002 demonstrated distinct differences when compared with records ending in 2012. Extrapolation of trends could therefore (along with the choice of the statistical method) lead to distinctly different results and most recent data should be integrated in order not to over- or underestimate future phenological changes.

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“…The advancing trend of spring phenology (e.g., first flowering, budburst, and green leafing) in response to warming in winter and spring has been well documented from local to global scale [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. In contrast, knowledge on the autumn phenology, such as leaf coloring, leaf senescence, and leaf fall, is limited due to the lack of past studies [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal changes in leaf coloring date of Acer palmatum and Ginkgo biloba in response to temperature increases in South Korea

Park

Jeong

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Understanding shifts in autumn phenology associated with climate changes is critical for preserving forest ecosystems. This study examines the changes in the leaf coloring date (LCD) of two temperate deciduous tree species, Acer palmatum (Acer) and Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo), in response to surface air temperature (Ts) changes at 54 stations of South Korea for the period 1989–2007. The variations of Acer and Ginkgo in South Korea are very similar: they show the same mean LCD of 295th day of the year and delays of about 0.45 days year-1 during the observation period. The delaying trend is closely correlated (correlation coefficient > 0.77) with increases in Ts in mid-autumn by 2.8 days °C-1. It is noted that the LCD delaying and temperature sensitivity (days °C-1) for both tree species show negligible dependences on latitudes and elevations. Given the significant LCD-Ts relation, we project LCD changes for 2016–35 and 2046–65 using a process-based model forced by temperature from climate model simulation. The projections indicate that the mean LCD would be further delayed by 3.2 (3.7) days in 2016–35 (2046–65) due to mid-autumn Ts increases. This study suggests that the mid-autumn warming is largely responsible for the observed LCD changes in South Korea and will intensify the delaying trends in the future.

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Impact of urban warming on earlier spring flowering in Korea

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Satellite Data-Based Phenological Evaluation of the Nationwide Reforestation of South Korea

Satellite Data-Based Phenological Evaluation of the Nationwide Reforestation of South Korea

Does flower phenology mirror the slowdown of global warming?

Spatial and temporal changes in leaf coloring date of Acer palmatum and Ginkgo biloba in response to temperature increases in South Korea

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