Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution

Sarrat, C.; Lemonsu, Aude; Masson, Valéry; Guédalia, D.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.037

Cited by 466 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In fact, Shanghai area undergoes a great extension of urban heat island during 1981-2010 (Li et al 2013), which can be significantly enhanced by the increased pollutants (Czarnecka and Nidzgorska, 2014). Vice versa, the urban heat island can change turbulence, which further impacts on the primary and secondary regional pollutants, promoting transport of aerosols, water and gaseous pollutants to the middle and upper troposphere (Crutzen, 2004;Sarrat et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Trend Of Climate Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Annual Variations of Cloud and Precipitation and their Possible Relationships with Surface Aerosols in Shanghai

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions have attracted much more attention for decades, but there still remain many uncertainties in assessing global climate. Long-term ground-based measurements of aerosol, cloud and precipitation in Shanghai were used to examine their inter-annual variations and possible relationships. During 1990-2010, the yearlyaveraged total cloud cover (TCC) and low cloud cover (LCC) decrease on average by 0.58% and 2.49% per year. LCC correlates to surface aerosols (e.g., PM 10 ), with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.67. Aerosol optical depth (AOD), as an indicator of columnar aerosol loading, shows a non-significant correlation with cloud cover. The yearly-aggregated heavy and extreme rain days and their rainfall amount increase gradually. The moderate rain day enhances but its annual rainfall amount declines year by year, while the light rain exhibits an opposite pattern to the moderate rain. These results imply that local aerosols maybe exert somewhat enforcing on low cloud and light rain through possible entrainment or updraft that can bring up surface particles into free troposphere, whereas its influence to total cloud and precipitation is negligible at a small scale. Future studies are needed to ensure whether local aerosols to directly affect low cloud, and to explore how surface aerosols to enter into higher atmospheric layers and impact cloud and precipitation at larger scales.

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Section: The Trend Of Climate Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Annual Variations of Cloud and Precipitation and their Possible Relationships with Surface Aerosols in Shanghai

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Air quality modelling studies show that concentrations of pollutants above a city are characterized by large gradients due to high spatial and temporal variability of emission sources as well as complex flow patterns (Kambezis et al, 1995;Martilli et al, 2003;Sarrata et al, 2006;Menut et al, 2000;Cros et al, 2004). In addition, advective transport of pollutants emitted over a city can impact suburban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

Strużewska

Kaminski

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urban cover on high-resolution air quality forecast simulations with the GEM-AQ (Global Environmental Multiscale and Air Quality) model. The impact of urban area on the ambient atmosphere is non-stationary, and short-term variability of meteorological conditions may result in significant changes of the observed intensity of urban heat island and pollutant concentrations. In this study we used the Town Energy Balance (TEB) parameterization to represent urban effects on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters at the final nesting level with horizontal resolution of ∼5 km over Southern Poland. Three one-day cases representing different meteorological conditions were selected and the model was run with and without the TEB parameterization. Three urban cover categories were used in the TEB parameterization: mid-high buildings, very low buildings and low density suburbs. Urban cover layers were constructed based on an area fraction of towns in a grid cell. To analyze the impact of urban parameterization on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters, anomalies in the lowest model layer for the air temperature, wind speed and pollutant concentrations were calculated. Anomalies of the specific humidity fields indicate that the use of the TEB parameterization leads to a systematic reduction of moisture content in the air. Comparison with temperature and wind speed measurements taken at urban background monitoring stations shows that application of urban parameterization improves model results. For primary pollutants the impact of urban areas is most significant in regions characterized with high emissions. In most cases the anomalies of NO 2 and CO concentrations were negative. This reduction is most likely caused by an enhanced vertical mixing due to elevated surface temperature and modified vertical stability.

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“…Thereby, together with human activities in these areas, changes in moisture, heat and momentum exchange processes will occur in the boundary layer and distinguish urban areas from their surrounding rural areas. The urban heat island (UHI), characterized by urban warming relative to the rural surroundings, is the most obvious consequence of urbanization [Fan and Sailor, 2005;Sarrat et al, 2006]. In order to develop effective mitigation strategies in these urban environments, it is important to understand all processes leading to the formation of an UHI and significant related processes such as air quality, cooling energy demand and human comfort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the energy balance in Marseille: Sensitivity to roughness length parameterizations and thermal admittance

Demuzere¹,

Ridder²,

Lipzig³

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] During the ESCOMPTE campaign (Experience sur Site pour COntraindre les Modeles de Pollution atmospherique et de Transport d'Emissions), a 4-day intensive observation period was selected to evaluate the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), a nonhydrostatic meteorological mesoscale model that was optimized with a parameterization for thermal roughness length to better represent urban surfaces. The evaluation shows that the ARPS model is able to correctly reproduce temperature, wind speed, and direction for one urban and two rural measurements stations. Furthermore, simulated heat fluxes show good agreement compared to the observations, although simulated sensible heat fluxes were initially too low for the urban stations. In order to improve the latter, different roughness length parameterization schemes were tested, combined with various thermal admittance values. This sensitivity study showed that the Zilitinkevich scheme combined with and intermediate value of thermal admittance performs best.

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Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution

Cited by 466 publications

References 47 publications

Inter-Annual Variations of Cloud and Precipitation and their Possible Relationships with Surface Aerosols in Shanghai

Inter-Annual Variations of Cloud and Precipitation and their Possible Relationships with Surface Aerosols in Shanghai

Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

Modeling the energy balance in Marseille: Sensitivity to roughness length parameterizations and thermal admittance

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