Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study

Biro, Frank M.; McMahon, Robert P.; Striegel‐Moore, Ruth H.; Crawford, Patricia B.; Obarzanek, Eva; Morrison, John A.; Barton, Bruce; Falkner, Frank

doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.114476

Cited by 247 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The importance of childhood obesity on the subsequent timing of menarche has been demonstrated in several studies. 2,4,50 The higher amount of body fat would act as a secondary hormonal gland influencing estrogen levels during the whole adult life and link with later obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have suggested association between AAM and obesity phenotypes. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In a longitudinal study of the northern Finland birth cohort, the proportions of overweight and obese females were significantly higher in those who had earlier menarche. 3 Consistent with that, Wasserman et al 6 found that early menarcheal ages (o12 years) were associated with the risk for obesity in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and environmental correlations between obesity phenotypes and age at menarche

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Objective: To assess the extent that the genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotypic correlations between obesity traits and age at menarche (AAM), and also to examine the influence of AAM on obesity in both pre-and postmenopausal women. Methods: Five hundred and twelve pedigrees with 2667 Caucasian female subjects from two to four generations were recruited. Fat mass and lean mass (both in kg) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ) was calculated. We performed bivariate quantitative genetic analyses in the total sample containing 2667 Caucasian women. We also selected 206 unrelated premenopausal women and 140 unrelated postmenopausal women from the total sample, and computed the respective phenotypic correlation between obesity and AAM in these two subgroups. Results: For fat mass, lean mass and BMI, we detected their significant negative genetic correlations with AAM after adjustment for significant covariates, which were À0.3170 (Po0.001), À0.1721 (Po0.05) and À0.3665 (Po0.001), respectively. However, their environmental correlations with AAM were all nonsignificant (P40.05), ranging from À0.0016 to 0.0192. In the premenopausal subgroup, significant associations were observed between fat mass and AAM (r ¼ À0.231, Po0.01) as well as between BMI and AAM (r ¼ À0.257, Po0.01). In the postmenopausal subgroup, no such associations were observed. Conclusion: Our results for the first time suggested that significant phenotypic association between obesity phenotypes and AAM is mainly attributable to shared genetic rather than environmental factors, and AAM may have stronger effects on obesity phenotypes in pre-than in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental correlations between obesity phenotypes and age at menarche

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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“…Despite uncertainty about biological mechanisms, it has been suggested that early maturation, in particular in women, may provide a longer duration of positive energy balance 23 or that the presence of endocrine factors during reproductive maturation enforces the accumulation of body fat. 24 Longitudinal data on this model of association are not conclusive, with some longitudinal studies suggesting stronger association of earlier puberty, [25][26][27][28] and others childhood BMI 21,22 and adult obesity. Other studies that have found an association between puberty and adult BMI did not examine childhood BMI, 23,24,29 or found both childhood weight and early menarche as important predictors of adult obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Other studies that have found an association between puberty and adult BMI did not examine childhood BMI, 23,24,29 or found both childhood weight and early menarche as important predictors of adult obesity. 30,31 However, most of these studies have examined only women, [21][22][23]25,26,28,29 and different classifications are used for puberty and early onset. There remains a need for prospective studies that examine the effect of both childhood BMI and pubertal maturation on adult obesity in both men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early overweight and pubertal maturation—pathways of association with young adults’ overweight: a longitudinal study

et al. 2008

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Objective: Objectives of this study were to examine the prospective association of childhood body mass index (BMI) and overweight and pubertal stages with BMI and overweight in early adulthood independent of each other. Design: A population-based prospective birth cohort. Subjects: We used a population-based prospective birth cohort of 2897 (52% men) young adults who were born during 1981-1983 in Brisbane, Australia, and for whom we had puberty stages using Tanner scale at 14 years and measured BMI at 5 years of age. Main outcome measures: Pubertal stages at adolescent and BMI and its categories at 21 years. Results: We found that increasing BMI and overweight at 5 years of age predict the advanced stages of puberty. An advanced stage of puberty predicts young adults' BMI and overweight status at 21 years. When taking both childhood BMI and pubertal status into consideration, we found that being overweight at 5 years substantively increases BMI at 21 years, regardless of the stage of puberty reported at 14 years. We also found that subjects with normal BMI at 5 years but with higher stages of puberty at 14 years had threefolds greater risk to be overweight at 21 years compared with their counterparts. All associations remained consistent after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions: Although this study underscores the impact of both child overweight and pubertal development on young adults' obesity, the mechanism that further explains the impact of puberty needs to be identified.

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“…[5][6][7][8][9] The established observation that overweight girls tend to mature earlier 10 and the historically evolving hypothesis of a critical degree of body fatness for the onset of menses, 11,12 suggests linkage between these phenomena. In fact, large cross-sectional studies in some populations show significant correlations between obesity in girls, earlier development of pubic hair, higher Tanner breast stages, 13 and earlier age at menarche, 2,14 respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal development in obese children and adolescents

et al. 2007

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Objective: To investigate clinical and laboratory markers of pubertal development in a large sample of obese children and adolescents. Methods: Analysis of parameters of sexual maturation in 1232 obese individuals (582 boys) aged 6-18 years (mean 13.072.42 years). Clinical evaluation of pubertal stage and determination of bone age in a subset (227 patients).Results: Mean Height -standard deviation scores (height-SDS) was positive during childhood and reached zero approximately at age 14 years followed by a turn to negative mean height-SDS in both genders. Accordingly, bone age was accelerated until age 14. No significant differences in average time points of occurrence of pubic hair stages PH 2 to PH 4 in boys and PH 2 to PH 5 in girls were observed as compared to references of the First Zurich Longitudinal Study. In girls, breast stage B 3 was reached earlier (11.6 vs 12.2 years, P ¼ 0.03). In boys, mean volume of testis revealed no significant deviation from reference. Mean dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were elevated in boys (within age ranges 8-10 years and 12-16 years, Po0.02) and in girls (within age ranges 6-8 years and 12-18 years, Po0.005) and mean testosterone levels in boys 412 years were lower as compared to reference ranges (all P-values o0.0001). Conclusion: The study data suggest normal development of pubarche and gonadarche in obese German boys and normal timing of pubarche in girls. Breast development in obese girls seems to be slightly advanced. In obese boys, an obvious dissociation of clinical and laboratory parameters of pubertal development was observed. Despite significantly increased height-SDS and increased DHEAS levels, gonadal development was normal and testosterone levels were decreased. Elevated DHEAS levels in both genders may contribute to the acceleration of bone maturation, a lower final body height and could increase cardiovascular risk.

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Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study

Cited by 247 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic and environmental correlations between obesity phenotypes and age at menarche

Genetic and environmental correlations between obesity phenotypes and age at menarche

Early overweight and pubertal maturation—pathways of association with young adults’ overweight: a longitudinal study

Pubertal development in obese children and adolescents

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