Impact of the voltage fluctuation of the power supply on the efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis

Dobó, Zsolt; Palotás, Árpád Bence

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.141

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Power supplies with a high ripple propensity lower the overall efficiency and, therefore, signal smoothing is necessary. The ripple formation is avoidable, but the component costs will be higher [67]. In general, thyristor-based power supplies tend to deliver a higher degree of fluctuation, and transistor-based systems output a smoother signal.…”

Section: Peripherymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

2020

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Alkaline water electrolysis is a key technology for large-scale hydrogen production powered by renewable energy. As conventional electrolyzers are designed for operation at fixed process conditions, the implementation of fluctuating and highly intermittent renewable energy is challenging. This contribution shows the recent state of system descriptions for alkaline water electrolysis and renewable energies, such as solar and wind power. Each component of a hydrogen energy system needs to be optimized to increase the operation time and system efficiency. Only in this way can hydrogen produced by electrolysis processes be competitive with the conventional path based on fossil energy sources. Conventional alkaline water electrolyzers show a limited part-load range due to an increased gas impurity at low power availability. As explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen must be prevented, a safety shutdown is performed when reaching specific gas contamination. Furthermore, the cell voltage should be optimized to maintain a high efficiency. While photovoltaic panels can be directly coupled to alkaline water electrolyzers, wind turbines require suitable converters with additional losses. By combining alkaline water electrolysis with hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells, power grid stabilization can be performed. As a consequence, the conventional spinning reserve can be reduced, which additionally lowers the carbon dioxide emissions.

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Section: Peripherymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

2020

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“…Coupling PV power generation to water electrolysis is difficult due to variations in the daily and seasonal SI. This produces a variable power output from the PV modules and leads to under-utilization of the capacity of the electrolyzer [62], which should be then supplied ultimately by grid electricity (Figure 4) or an energy storage systems to maintain a constant flow of produced hydrogen. Hence, the components of the experimental set-up were carefully selected, the maximal nominal power of the electrolyzer is c. 80% of the maximum output from the PV arrangement, further technical data of the main equipment considered for the analysis can be found in Table 5.…”

Section: Solar-powered Water Electrolysis (Spwe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Sustainability Analysis (ESA) of Energy-Producing Processes: A Case Study on Distributed H2 Production

Gómez-Camacho

Ruggeri

2019

Sustainability

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In the sustainability context, the performance of energy-producing technologies, using different energy sources, needs to be scored and compared. The selective criterion of a higher level of useful energy to feed an ever-increasing demand of energy to satisfy a wide range of endo- and exosomatic human needs seems adequate. In fact, surplus energy is able to cover energy services only after compensating for the energy expenses incurred to build and to run the technology itself. This paper proposes an energy sustainability analysis (ESA) methodology based on the internal and external energy use of a given technology, considering the entire energy trajectory from energy sources to useful energy. ESA analysis is conducted at two levels: (i) short-term, by the use of the energy sustainability index (ESI), which is the first step to establish whether the energy produced is able to cover the direct energy expenses needed to run the technology and (ii) long-term, by which all the indirect energy-quotas are considered, i.e., all the additional energy requirements of the technology, including the energy amortization quota necessary for the replacement of the technology at the end of its operative life. The long-term level of analysis is conducted by the evaluation of two indicators: the energy return per unit of energy invested (EROI) over the operative life and the energy payback-time (EPT), as the minimum lapse at which all energy expenditures for the production of materials and their construction can be repaid to society. The ESA methodology has been applied to the case study of H2 production at small-scale (10–15 kWH2) comparing three different technologies: (i) steam-methane reforming (SMR), (ii) solar-powered water electrolysis (SPWE), and (iii) two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) in order to score the technologies from an energy sustainability perspective.

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“…Amongst others, the performance of the electrolytic system will be investigated and correlated to current density, electrolyte concentration, temperature and flow rate as recently addressed in literature to improve initial underlying static models . Sequentially and/or in parallel to these experiments, dynamic system identification will be executed to describe the thermal behavior of the system and to understand the system response to different applied electrical supply schemes , .…”

Section: The Carbon2chem Approach: Dynamic Water Electrolysis For Secmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Water Electrolysis in Cross‐Sectoral Processes

Seibel

Kuhlmann

2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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A simulation‐based optimization for water electrolysis is performed to identify preferable scenarios with respect to economic as well as ecological aspects. As the electrolyzer interacts with the wholesale electricity market and with the production of bulk chemicals implying each specific dynamic characteristics, various and partly counteracting relevant impulses result in a multi‐objective optimization approach. In order to demonstrate the capability of alkaline electrolytic systems to meet these dynamic demands, a 20‐kW lab‐scale electrolyzer and a 2‐MW large‐scale electrolyzer are commissioned and tested.

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Impact of the voltage fluctuation of the power supply on the efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis

Cited by 56 publications

References 14 publications

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review

Energy Sustainability Analysis (ESA) of Energy-Producing Processes: A Case Study on Distributed H2 Production

Dynamic Water Electrolysis in Cross‐Sectoral Processes

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