Impact of the stage of dementia on the time required for bathing-related care: a pilot study in a Japanese nursing home

Kobayashi, Nami; Yamamoto, Masaaki

doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.03.003

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Studies investigating personal care activities in RAC homes have examined the time spent by nursing staff on these activities, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] with some describing the work processes of personal carers in conducting specific activities (e.g. bathing, oral care).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bathing, oral care). 7,9 Studies investigating nursing care activities primarily focus on medication management because it is crucial to resident safety. [11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, Ellis et al conducted focus group discussions with nurses to investigate medication administration in two Canadian RAC homes and found that nurses 'race against time' to complete medication administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nursing staff work patterns in a residential aged care home: a time–motion study

Qian¹,

Yu²,

Hailey³

2016

Aust. Health Review

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Objective. Residential aged care services are challenged by an increasing number of residents and a shortage of nursing staff. Developing strategies to overcome this challenge requires an understanding of nursing staff work patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate the work processes followed by nursing staff and how nursing time is allocated in a residential aged care home.Methods. An observational time-motion study was conducted at two aged care units for 12 morning shifts. Seven nurses were observed, one per shift.Results. In all, there were 91 h of observation. The results showed that there was a common work process followed by all nurse participants. Medication administration, documentation and verbal communication were the most time-consuming activities and were conducted most frequently. No significant difference between the two units was found in any category of activities. The average duration of most activities was less than 1 min. There was no difference in time utilisation between the endorsed enrolled nurses and the personal carers in providing nursing care.Conclusion. Medication administration, documentation and verbal communication were the major tasks in morning shifts in a residential aged care home. Future research can investigate how verbal communication supports nursing care. What is known about the topic?The aging population will substantially increase the demand for residential aged care services. There is a lack of research on nurses' work patterns in residential aged care homes. What does this paper add? The present study provides a comprehensive understanding of nurses' work patterns in a residential aged care home. There is a common work process followed by nurses in providing nursing care. Medication administration, verbal communication and documentation are the most time-consuming activities and they are frequently conducted in the same period of time. Wound care, physical review and documentation on desktop computers are arranged flexibly by the nurses. What are the implications for practitioners? When developing a task reallocation strategy to improve work efficiency, effort can be put into tasks that can be arranged more flexibly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing staff work patterns in a residential aged care home: a time–motion study

Qian¹,

Yu²,

Hailey³

2016

Aust. Health Review

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“…[13][14][15] Previous studies have focused on the time spent on caring for dementia residents. 16,17 Several studies provided broad understanding of how PCs spend their time. They reported that 30%-45% of a PC's time was spent on direct care in RACFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study

Qian¹,

Yu²,

Hailey³

et al. 2014

Aust. Health Review

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Objective. To examine the time, frequency and duration of each direct care activity conducted by personal carers in Australian residential aged care homes. Methods. A time-motion study was conducted to observe 46 personal carers at two high-care houses in two facilities (14 days at Site 1 and 16 days at Site 2). Twenty-three direct care activities were classified into eight categories for analysis. Results. Overall, a personal carer spent approximately 45% of their time on direct care, corresponding to 3.5 h in an 8-h daytime shift. The two sites had similar ratios of personal carers to residents, and each resident received 30 min of direct care. No significant differences between the two sites were found in the time spent on oral communication, personal hygiene and continence activities. Personal carers at Site 1 spent significantly less time on toileting and mobility activities than those at Site 2, but more time on lunch activity. Although oral communication took the longest time (2 h), it occurred concurrently with other activities (e.g. dressing) for 1.5 h. Conclusions. The findings provide information that may assist decision makers in managing the operation of highcare residential aged care facilities, such as planning for task allocation and staffing. AbstractObjective. To examine the time, frequency and duration of each direct care activity conducted by personal carers in Australian residential aged care homes.Methods. A time-motion study was conducted to observe 46 personal carers at two highcare houses in two facilities (14 days at Site 1 and 16 days at Site 2). Twenty-three direct care activities were classified into eight categories for analysis.Results. Overall, a personal carer spent approximately 45% of their time on direct care, corresponding to 3.5 h in an 8-h daytime shift. The two sites had similar ratios of personal carers to residents, and each resident received 30 min of direct care. No significant differences between the two sites were found in the time spent on oral communication, personal hygiene and continence activities. Personal carers at Site 1 spent significantly less time on toileting and mobility activities than those at Site 2, but more time on lunch activity. Although oral communication took the longest time (2 h), it occurred concurrently with other activities (e.g. dressing) for 1.5 h.Conclusions. The findings provide information that may assist decision makers in managing the operation of high-care residential aged care facilities, such as planning for task allocation and staffing.

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“…Work sampling and time-motion techniques have been applied extensively to measure the work pattern in healthcare settings [5-12]. The former has a relatively small cost, but is not able to capture some important information such as the duration of an activity because the observation is not continuous [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the studies undertaken in RACFs, some only focused on particular activities (e.g. bathing-related care) [5,12,15]. Munyisia et al [9] examined the time expenditure on different types of activities performed by direct care workers by conducting a work sampling study in a high-care house and a low-care house of an RACF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The work pattern of personal care workers in two Australian nursing homes: a time-motion study

Qian

Zhang

et al. 2012

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundThe aim of the study is to describe the work pattern of personal care workers (PCWs) in nursing homes. This knowledge is important for staff performance appraisal, task allocation and scheduling. It will also support funding allocation based on activities.MethodsA time-motion study was conducted in 2010 at two Australian nursing homes. The observation at Site 1 was between the hours of 7:00 and 14:00 or 15:00 for 14 days. One PCW was observed on each day. The observation at Site 2 was from 10:00 to 17:00 for 16 days. One PCW working on a morning shift and another one working on an afternoon shift were observed on each day. Fifty-eight work activities done by PCWs were grouped into eight categories. Activity time, frequency, duration and the switch between two consecutive activities were used as measurements to describe the work pattern.ResultsPersonal care workers spent about 70.0% of their time on four types of activities consistently at both sites: direct care (30.7%), indirect care (17.6%), infection control (6.4%) and staff break (15.2%). Oral communication was the most frequently observed activity. It could occur independently or concurrently with other activities. At Site 2, PCWs spent significantly more time than their counterparts at Site 1 on oral communication (Site 1: 47.3% vs. Site 2: 63.5%, P = 0.003), transit (Site 1: 3.4% vs. Site 2: 5.5%, P < 0.001) and others (Site 1: 0.5% vs. Site 2: 1.8%, P < 0.001). They spent less time on documentation (Site 1: 4.1% vs. Site 2: 2.3%, P < 0.001). More than two-thirds of the observed activities had a very short duration (1 minute or less). Personal care workers frequently switched within or between oral communication, direct and indirect care activities.ConclusionsAt both nursing homes, direct care, indirect care, infection control and staff break occupied the major part of a PCW’s work, however oral communication was the most time consuming activity. Personal care workers frequently switched between activities, suggesting that looking after the elderly in nursing homes is a busy and demanding job.

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Impact of the stage of dementia on the time required for bathing-related care: a pilot study in a Japanese nursing home

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Nursing staff work patterns in a residential aged care home: a time–motion study

Nursing staff work patterns in a residential aged care home: a time–motion study

Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study

The work pattern of personal care workers in two Australian nursing homes: a time-motion study

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