Impact of the modal aerosol scheme GLOMAP-mode on aerosol   forcing in the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model

Bellouin, Nicolas; Mann, G. W.; Woodhouse, Matthew T.; Johnson, C. E.; Carslaw, K. S.; Dalvi, Mohit

doi:10.5194/acp-13-3027-2013

Cited by 122 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The model includes an interactive tropospheric chemistry scheme and eight aerosol species (ammonium sulphate, mineral dust, fossil-fuel black carbon, fossil-fuel organic carbon, biomass-burning, ammonium nitrate, sea-salt, and secondary organic aerosols from biogenic emissions). Both aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions are considered (Bellouin et al 2013). Data sets required by the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the model are emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), land-based Table 1 and they are the same experiments as those investigated in for the recent recovery of the Sahel rainfall.…”

Section: Model and Model Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the rapid summer warming and changes in temperature extremes since the mid-1990s over Western Europe

2016

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frequency of summer days. It explains 45.5 ± 17.6 % and 40.9 ± 18.4 % of area averaged signals for these temperature extremes. The direct impact of the reduction of AAer precursor emissions over Europe acts to increase DTR locally, but the change in DTR is countered by the direct impact of GHGs forcing. In the next few decades, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise and AAer precursor emissions over Europe and North America will continue to decline. Our results suggest that the changes in summer seasonal mean SAT and temperature extremes over Western Europe since the mid-1990s are most likely to be sustained or amplified in the near term, unless other factors intervene.

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Section: Model and Model Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the rapid summer warming and changes in temperature extremes since the mid-1990s over Western Europe

2016

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“…A refractive index is calculated for each individual mode separately, as the volume-weighted mean of the refractive indices for the individual components (including water) present (given at 550 nm in Table A1 of Bellouin et al, 2011). Coefficients for absorption and scattering, and asymmetry parameters, are then obtained from look-up tables containing all realistic combinations of refractive index and Mie parameter (particle radius normalised to the wavelength of radiation), as described by Bellouin et al (2013). The assumption that BC is internally or homogeneously mixed with scattering species is unrealistic, providing an upper bound for DRE (Jacobson, 2001;Kodros et al, 2015).…”

Section: Calculating Radiative Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of residential combustion emissions on atmospheric aerosol, human health, and climate

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Combustion of fuels in the residential sector for cooking and heating results in the emission of aerosol and aerosol precursors impacting air quality, human health, and climate. Residential emissions are dominated by the combustion of solid fuels. We use a global aerosol microphysics model to simulate the impact of residential fuel combustion on atmospheric aerosol for the year 2000. The model underestimates black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) mass concentrations observed over Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa, with better prediction when carbonaceous emissions from the residential sector are doubled. Observed seasonal variability of BC and OC concentrations are better simulated when residential emissions include a seasonal cycle. The largest contributions of residential emissions to annual surface mean particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations are simulated for East Asia, South Asia, and Eastern Europe. We use a concentration response function to estimate the human health impact due to long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 from residential emissions. We estimate global annual excess adult (> 30 years of age) premature mortality (due to both cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer) to be 308 000 (113 300-497 000, 5th to 95th percentile uncertainty range) for monthly varying residential emissions and 517 000 (192 000-827 000) when residential carbonaceous emissions are doubled. Mortality due to residential emissions is greatest in Asia, with China and India accounting for 50 % of simulated global excess mortality. Using an offline radiative transfer model we estimate that residential emissions exert a global annual mean direct radiative effect between −66 and +21 mW m −2 , with sensitivity to the residential emission flux and the assumed ratio of BC, OC, and SO 2 emissions. Residential emissions exert a global annual mean first aerosol indirect effect of between −52 and −16 mW m −2 , which is sensitive to the assumed size distribution of carbonaceous emissions. Overall, our results demonstrate that reducing residential combustion emissions would have substantial benefits for human health through reductions in ambient PM 2.5 concentrations.

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“…HAM uses the twomoment M7 aerosol microphysics scheme (Vignati et al, 2004). The global aerosol model HadGEM-UKCA (Bellouin et al, 2013) uses the UKCA aerosol and chemistry schemes with the third generation of the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (Hewitt et al, 2011) developed at the UK Met Office. This circulation model is non-hydrostatic and uses a semi-Lagrangian transport scheme.…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of temporal collocation for the evaluation of aerosol models with observations

2016

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Abstract. It is often implicitly assumed that over suitably long periods the mean of observations and models should be comparable, even if they have different temporal sampling. We assess the errors incurred due to ignoring temporal sampling and show that they are of similar magnitude as (but smaller than) actual model errors (20-60 %).Using temporal sampling from remote-sensing data sets, the satellite imager MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and the ground-based sun photometer network AERONET (AErosol Robotic NETwork), and three different global aerosol models, we compare annual and monthly averages of full model data to sampled model data. Our results show that sampling errors as large as 100 % in AOT (aerosol optical thickness), 0.4 in AE (Ångström Exponent) and 0.05 in SSA (single scattering albedo) are possible. Even in daily averages, sampling errors can be significant. Moreover these sampling errors are often correlated over long distances giving rise to artificial contrasts between pristine and polluted events and regions. Additionally, we provide evidence that suggests that models will underestimate these errors. To prevent sampling errors, model data should be temporally collocated to the observations before any analysis is made.We also discuss how this work has consequences for in situ measurements (e.g. aircraft campaigns or surface measurements) in model evaluation.Although this study is framed in the context of model evaluation, it has a clear and direct relevance to climatologies derived from observational data sets.

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Impact of the modal aerosol scheme GLOMAP-mode on aerosol forcing in the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model

Cited by 122 publications

References 61 publications

Understanding the rapid summer warming and changes in temperature extremes since the mid-1990s over Western Europe

Understanding the rapid summer warming and changes in temperature extremes since the mid-1990s over Western Europe

The impact of residential combustion emissions on atmospheric aerosol, human health, and climate

The importance of temporal collocation for the evaluation of aerosol models with observations

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