Impact of the AD 79 explosive eruption on Pompeii, II. Causes of death of the inhabitants inferred by stratigraphic analysis and areal distribution of the human casualties

Luongo, Giuseppe; Perrotta, Annamaria; Scarpati, Claudio; Carolis, Ernesto De; Patricelli, Giovanni; Ciarallo, Annamaria

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00147-1

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These results are consistent with previous studies of the catastrophic mortality associated with natural disasters and warfare (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51). It has been found, for example, that a 1995 earthquake in Japan disproportionately killed individuals with physical disabilities (47).…”

Section: Effect Of Tibial Lesions On Risk Of Death: East Smi Thfieldsupporting

confidence: 93%

Selectivity of Black Death mortality with respect to preexisting health

DeWitte

Wood

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

174

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Section: Effect Of Tibial Lesions On Risk Of Death: East Smi Thfieldsupporting

confidence: 93%

Selectivity of Black Death mortality with respect to preexisting health

DeWitte

Wood

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

174

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“…Petrazzuoli and Zuccaro (2004) calculated horizontal limit collapse loads for reinforced concrete structures around Vesuvius which could be affected by PDCs. Luongo et al (2003) focus on a single house in Pompeii to identify factors influencing PDC damage from the AD 79 eruption.…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential building and occupant vulnerability to pyroclastic density currents in explosive eruptions

Spence

Kelman

Brown³

et al. 2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A major hazard during the eruption of explosive volcanoes is the formation of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Casualties and physical building damage from PDCs are caused by the temperature, pressure, and particle load of the flow. This paper examines the vulnerability of buildings and occupants to the forces imposed by PDCs along with associated infiltration of PDC particle and gas mixtures into an intact building. New studies are presented of building and occupant vulnerability with respect to temperature, pressure, and ash concentration. Initial mitigation recommendations are provided.

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“…The mechanism by which PDCs captured, transported and buried animals explains the exceptional preservation of diverse terrestrial vertebrates at Jehol. The fine-grained volcanic ash that encloses the remains probably formed moulds around complete skeletons, resembling the intact, buried corpses at Pompeii 33,40 . Rapid deposition of extremely fine-grained ash into thermally stratified lakes could have protected the remains from being scavenged and bioturbated and resulted in preservation of most articulated carcasses 41,42 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence suggests pyroclastic flows are responsible for the remarkable preservation of the Jehol biota

et al. 2014

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The lower Cretaceous Yixian and Jiufotang formations contain numerous exceptionally wellpreserved invertebrate, vertebrate and plant fossils that comprise the Jehol Biota. Freshwater and terrestrial fossils of the biota usually occur together within some horizons and have been interpreted as deposits of mass mortality events. The nature of the events and the mechanisms behind the exceptional preservation of the fossils, however, are poorly understood. Here, after examining and analysing sediments and residual fossils from several key horizons, we postulate that the causal events were mainly phreatomagmatic eruptions. Pyroclastic density currents were probably responsible for the major causalities and for transporting the bulk of the terrestrial vertebrates from different habitats, such as lizards, birds, non-avian dinosaurs and mammals, into lacustrine environments for burial. Terrestrial vertebrate carcasses transported by and sealed within the pyroclastic flows were clearly preserved as exceptional fossils through this process.

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Impact of the AD 79 explosive eruption on Pompeii, II. Causes of death of the inhabitants inferred by stratigraphic analysis and areal distribution of the human casualties

Cited by 65 publications

References 12 publications

Selectivity of Black Death mortality with respect to preexisting health

Selectivity of Black Death mortality with respect to preexisting health

Residential building and occupant vulnerability to pyroclastic density currents in explosive eruptions

New evidence suggests pyroclastic flows are responsible for the remarkable preservation of the Jehol biota

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