Impact of the 2018 Ambae eruption on the global stratospheric aerosol layer and climate

Kloss, Corinna; Sellitto, Pasquale; Legras, Bernard; Vernier, Jean‐Paul; Jégou, Fabrice; Ratnam, M. Venkat; B, Suneel Kumar; Madhavan, Bomidi Lakshmi; Berthet, Gwenaël

doi:10.1002/essoar.10501617.1

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…How well do your results agree with e.g. Kloss et al, 2020; other estimates of Ambae/Aoba SO 2 mass injections (https://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/omi_2004_now.html)? Did you expect that the ECHAM simulation reproduces the plume correctly?…”

Section: Interactive Commentsupporting

confidence: 60%

Review ``Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and ECHAM5-HAM''

2020

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Section: Interactive Commentsupporting

confidence: 60%

Review ``Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and ECHAM5-HAM''

2020

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“…Over the longer term, three to four weeks after the climactic eruption, Sellitto 46 showed that the water vapor's TOA radiative forcing switched sign (due to decreased altitude) and was +0.8 Wm −2 , thus canceling out the cooling impact of aerosols 46 ). For comparison, the aged plume TOA for large recent volcanic eruptions (e.g., Raikoke 2019, Ambae 2018) and wildfires (e.g., Australian bushfires 2019-2020), as well as the Pinatubo 1991 eruption 47,48 , are typically negative with values ranging from −3.5 (Pinatubo) to −0.3 Wm −2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruption chronology of the December 2021 to January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption sequence

Gupta

Bennartz

Fauria

et al. 2022

Commun Earth Environ

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The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, and the preceding eruptions on 19 December 2021 and 13 January 2022, were remarkable, partly because the eruptions generated extensive umbrella clouds, regions where the volcanic clouds spread laterally. Here we use satellite remote sensing to evaluate the umbrella cloud tops’ heights, longevities, water contents, and volumetric flow rates. We identified two umbrella clouds at distinct elevations on 15 January 2022. Specifically, after 05:30 UTC, the strong westward propagation of an upper umbrella cloud at 31 km ± 3 km enabled the visibility of the lower umbrella cloud at 17 km ± 2 km. The satellite-derived volumetric flow rate for 15 January 2022 was ~5.0 × 1011 m3 s−1, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the volumetric flow rates estimated for the 19 December 2021 and 13 January 2022 eruptions. Finally, we found that the umbrellas on all three dates were ice-rich.

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“…This paper focuses on observations by NASA's OMPS LP instrument, which has previously made observations of smaller eruptions including Kelut (2014), Calbuco (2015), Ambae (2018), Ulawun (2019) and Raikoke (2019) (Gorkavyi et al., 2021; Kloss et al., 2020, 2021; Tadiga et al., 2022). Due to the unusual strength of the eruption, aerosol is observed at altitudes that far exceed the normalization altitude for the standard OMPS LP aerosol retrieval algorithm (above which aerosol scattering is assumed to be negligible).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Aerosol Cloud in the Upper and Middle Stratosphere Using Space‐Based Observations

Taha

Loughman

Colarco

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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55°S, 175.4°W) erupted twice, sending material high into the stratosphere. The first volcanic plume on 13 January reached an altitude between 18 and 20 km. On 15 January, a second and more powerful series of explosions started at 4:10 UTC and lasted 11 hr, generating airborne shockwaves and oceanic tsunami waves that traveled around the globe (https://www.nesdis. noaa.gov/news/the-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-eruption-multi-hazard-event). The eruption lofted material high in the upper stratosphere, reaching an altitude of 55-58 km (Carr et al., 2022;Proud et al., 2022), the highest observed by space-based measurements, creating an umbrella cloud with radius ∼ 500 km. Until this year, the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, had the highest altitude volcanic injection recorded in the satellite era, which reached 40 km (Holasek et al., 1996). It is unlikely that this eruption will have significant aerosol-driven climate effects because of the relatively low SO 2 injection, 400,000 tonnes compared to 20 million tonnes for Pinatubo (Witze, 2022). Millán et al. (2022 estimated that this eruption injected 146 Tg (1 Tg = 1 million tonnes) of water into the stratosphere and predicted that it would result in surface warming rather than surface cooling expected from the sulfate aerosol alone. Thus, because of the extraordinary nature of the eruption, it is essential that we monitor the initial impact and transport of the volcanic plume as it circulates the globe to understand the long-term effect of this eruption. We expect it to influence Earth's radiative balance and affect the chemical and dynamical processes related to ozone destruction in the stratosphere.

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Impact of the 2018 Ambae eruption on the global stratospheric aerosol layer and climate

Abstract: Various satellite data reveal a significant impact on the global stratosphere.• Radiative forcing values similar to that of recent moderate volcanic eruptions was found.

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Review ``Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and ECHAM5-HAM''

Review ``Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and ECHAM5-HAM''

Eruption chronology of the December 2021 to January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption sequence

Tracking the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Aerosol Cloud in the Upper and Middle Stratosphere Using Space‐Based Observations

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