“…Since geopolitical risk index is a newly developed index, it has not been widely explored by researchers. However, there are many studies that investigate the impacts of events such as elections, governmental changes, political upheavals, civil strife, and terrorist attacks on economic and financial performances (Antonakakis et al, 2014;Apergis & Apergis, 2016;Aslam & Kang, 2015, Arin et al, 2008Balcilar et al, 2018;Barros & Gil-Alana, 2009;Chen & Siems, 2004;Chesney, Reshetar, & Karaman, 2011;Darkos, 2010;Kollias, Manou, et al, 2011;Kollias, et al, 2013;Lehkonen & Heimonen, 2015;Mnasri & Nechi, 2016;Wisniewski, 2016). Most of these studies have documented that the effects of such events on stock market returns are negative.…”