Impact of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on THP-1 Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are currently under examination for magnetic particle imaging, which represents a radiation free technology for three-dimensional imaging with high sensitivity, resolution and imaging speed. SPIONs are rapidly taken up by monocytes and other phagocytes which carry them to the site of inflammation. Therefore, the SPION biocompatibility is an essential parameter for a widespread MPI usage. Many improvements are expected from SPION development and its applications for cell visualization, but the impact of MPI optimized dextran coated SPIONs on the cellular characteristics of monocytic cells has been poorly studied up to now. THP-1 monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) as well as peripheral blood monocytes were incubated with MPI-optimized dextran-coated SPIONs of a size between 83.5 and 86 nm. SPION uptake was measured by FITC fluorescence of labeled SPIONs and Prussian blue staining. The activation of monocytes and MDMs was evaluated by CD14, CD11b and CD86 in flow cytometry. The secretion of IL-1β, and IL-10 was analyzed in supernatants. SPIONs were rapidly taken up by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages while no decrease in cell viability was observed. Expression patterns of CD11b, CD14, and CD86 were not affected in THP-1 monocytes and MDMs. Monocyte differentiation in macrophages was hindered during SPION uptake. THP-1 monocytes as well as monocyte-derived macrophages showed significantly increased IL-1β and decreased IL-10 secretion by tendency after SPION treatment. Dextran-coated SPIONs showed a low cytotoxicity on monocytes but exert undesirable inflammatory side effects that have to be considered for imaging applications.

Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Tracer Design to Biomedical Applications in Vasculature Abnormality

“…The in vivo toxicity of these particles is an important consideration. [176,292,293] Some research have reported biological side effects including inflammation, ulceration, and neurobehavioral alterations. [292,293] And according to the latest outcome, two commercial tracers, Feridex IV and Resovist, could potentially impact disease progression in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.…”

“…[176,292,293] Some research have reported biological side effects including inflammation, ulceration, and neurobehavioral alterations. [292,293] And according to the latest outcome, two commercial tracers, Feridex IV and Resovist, could potentially impact disease progression in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. [176] Additionally, for advanced tracers with multiple metallic core-shell structures or metal-doping/carbon-supporting formations, two specific issues may impede the pace of large-scale medical applications.…”

Application of Nanomedicine in Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Prospects

“…Indeed, SPIONs with a size up to 150 nm show a high uptake (Table 3), whereas those with a size One of the first parameters to take into account when evaluating the impact of SPIONs on monocytes or macrophages is whether these nanoparticles can undergo rapid uptake. In general, monocytes or macrophages are able to uptake SPIONs relatively rapidly (few hours) [114,170]. Wu et al demonstrated in primary human monocyte cells that SPIONs can be identified in phagosomes or in cytoplasm [171].…”

“…Most of the SPIONs listed in Table 3 were coated with these molecules. Another means of decreasing cytotoxicity is to choose biocompatible iron oxides cores such as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), or hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) [179] and adapt their concentration below 100 mg/mL [170].…”

Counting cells in motion by quantitative real-time magnetic particle imaging

“…Cell tracking involves monitoring individual cells or cell groups over time, offering potential applications in the early detection of diseases, particularly in the study of inflammatory processes 14 . MNP-labeled THP-1 monocytes 15 , 16 , a type of white blood cell derived from human leukemia patients are a promising tool for medical diagnostics due to their remarkable ability to detect and respond to inflammation 17 .…”