Impact of space weather on the satellite industry

Green, J. C.; Likar, Justin J.; Shprits, Y. Y.

doi:10.1002/2017sw001646

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The mechanisms that govern electron dynamics are fundamental plasma physical processes that occur in many space and astrophysical environments. There is also a significant interest to forecast the variations of the outer belt for space weather purposes; high‐energy electrons in the belts pose a significant threat for the increasing number of satellites that pass through this region (e.g., Green et al, ; O'Brien, ). Our understanding of the radiation belts has been revolutionized during the past few years owing to the data from NASA's Van Allen Probes (Mauk et al, ) launched in August 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt Response to Interacting Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

et al. 2019

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We study the response of the outer Van Allen radiation belt during an intense magnetic storm on 15-22 February 2014. Four interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at Earth, of which the three last ones were interacting. Using data from the Van Allen Probes, we report the first detailed investigation of electron fluxes from source (tens of kiloelectron volts) to core (megaelectron volts) energies and possible loss and acceleration mechanisms as a response to substructures (shock, sheath and ejecta, and regions of shock-compressed ejecta) in multiple interacting ICMEs. After an initial enhancement induced by a shock compression of the magnetosphere, core fluxes strongly depleted and stayed low for 4 days. This sustained depletion can be related to a sequence of ICME substructures and their conditions that influenced the Earth's magnetosphere. In particular, the main depletions occurred during a high-dynamic pressure sheath and shock-compressed southward ejecta fields. These structures compressed/eroded the magnetopause close to geostationary orbit and induced intense and diverse wave activity in the inner magnetosphere (ULF Pc5, electromagnetic ion cyclotron, and hiss) facilitating both effective magnetopause shadowing and precipitation losses. Seed and source electrons in turn experienced stronger variations throughout the studied interval. The core fluxes recovered during the last ICME that made a glancing blow to Earth. This period was characterized by a concurrent lack of losses and sustained acceleration by chorus and Pc5 waves. Our study highlights that the seemingly complex behavior of the outer belt during interacting ICMEs can be understood by the knowledge of electron dynamics during different substructures.Electrons in the outer belt are usually divided to source (a few tens of kiloelectron volts), seed (a few hundreds of kiloelectron volts), and core (megaelectron volts) populations. While orbiting the Earth, these

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt Response to Interacting Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

et al. 2019

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“…Space weather effects on the Earth and near-Earth assets have become of great interest in the last decade, motivating studies on economic impacts (e.g., [1]) and risk assessment (e.g., [2]). As a result, several economic sectors that depend on space weather conditions (as defined by [3]) are driving a growing demand for global indices to represent the impact of the solar-terrestrial interaction (external effects of space weather) as well as the ''extreme'' variation of the near-Earth environment (internal effects of space weather).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric-Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for South America

2021

RSL

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This article gives a summary of our comprehensive study for developing an ionosphericscale index map based on the Disturbance Ionospheric Index (DIX). This index aims to target all the different user groups affected by ionospheric disturbancesnavigation, positioning, and satellite-communication users-in a simple and straightforward approach. Therefore, we used the vertical total electron content (TEC) over South America to calculate the TEC maps covering latitudes from 608S to 208N and longitudes from 908W to 308W, with 0.58 3 0.58 resolution. Afterward, DIX maps were obtained to reveal the variation of the TEC over an average quiet ionosphere background. In order to illustrate the use of the index map, the ionospheric disturbances after and during the 2015 Saint Patrick's Day magnetic storm are presented as an example of the disturbances in the DIX at different latitudinal ranges.

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“…The particles are accelerated to even higher energies by the high-speed ICME front that follows the ICME shock (e.g., Balan et al 2014). They can damage satellite systems (e.g., Green et al 2017) and are harmful for biological systems, for example, astronauts (e.g., Aran et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capability of Geomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather

Balan

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2019

ApJ

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The paper investigates the capability of geomagnetic storm parameters in Dst, Kp, and AE indices to distinguish between severe space weather (SvSW) causing the reported electric power outages and/or tele-communication failures and normal space weather (NSW) not causing such severe effects in a 50-year period . The parameters include the storm intensities DstMin (minimum Dst during the storm main phase MP), (dDst/dt) MPmax , Kp max , and AE max. In addition, the impulsive parameter IpsDst = (−1/T MP )∫ TMP |Dst MP |dt is derived for the storms automatically identified in Kyoto Dst and USGS Dst. ∫ TMP |Dst MP |dt is the integral of the modulus of Dst from MP onset (MPO) to DstMin. T MP is the MP duration from MPO to DstMin. The corresponding mean values and are also calculated. Irrespective of the significant differences in the storm parameters between the two Dst indices, the IpsDst in both indices seems identifying 4 of the 5 SvSW events (and the Carrington event) from over 750 NSW events reported occurring in 1958-2007, while all other parameters separate 1 or 2 SvSW from NSW. Using a Kyoto IpsDst threshold of -250 nT, we demonstrate a 100% true SvSW identification rate with only one false NSW. Using the false NSW event (1972 August 04), we investigate whether using a higher-resolution Dst might result in a more accurate identification of SvSW. The mechanism of the impulsive action leading to large IpsDst and SvSW involves the coincidence of fast ICME velocity V containing its shock (or front) velocity △V and large IMF Bz southward covering △V.

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Impact of space weather on the satellite industry

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt Response to Interacting Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt Response to Interacting Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

Ionospheric-Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for South America

Capability of Geomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather

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