Capability of Geomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather

Abstract

The paper investigates the capability of geomagnetic storm parameters in Dst, Kp, and AE indices to distinguish between severe space weather (SvSW) causing the reported electric power outages and/or tele-communication failures and normal space weather (NSW) not causing such severe effects in a 50-year period . The parameters include the storm intensities DstMin (minimum Dst during the storm main phase MP), (dDst/dt) MPmax , Kp max , and AE max. In addition, the impulsive parameter IpsDst = (−1/T MP )∫ TMP |Dst MP |dt is derived for the storms automatically identified in Kyoto Dst and USGS Dst. ∫ TMP |Dst MP |dt is the integral of the modulus of Dst from MP onset (MPO) to DstMin. T MP is the MP duration from MPO to DstMin. The corresponding mean values <Kp MP > and <AE MP > are also calculated. Irrespective of the significant differences in the storm parameters between the two Dst indices, the IpsDst in both indices seems identifying 4 of the 5 SvSW events (and the Carrington event) from over 750 NSW events reported occurring in 1958-2007, while all other parameters separate 1 or 2 SvSW from NSW. Using a Kyoto IpsDst threshold of -250 nT, we demonstrate a 100% true SvSW identification rate with only one false NSW. Using the false NSW event (1972 August 04), we investigate whether using a higher-resolution Dst might result in a more accurate identification of SvSW. The mechanism of the impulsive action leading to large IpsDst and SvSW involves the coincidence of fast ICME velocity V containing its shock (or front) velocity △V and large IMF Bz southward covering △V.

Diurnal UT Variation of Low Latitude Geomagnetic Storms Using Six Indices

“…(2017) and Balan, Zhang, Xing, et al. (2019) are not repeated here. The program identified a total of 761 and 585 storms in Kyoto Dst and USGS Dst, respectively, during the period from 1958 to 2007 (Table 1 and Table and Table ).…”

The extreme solar and geomagnetic storms on 1940 March 20–25

“…thought to be different lifetimes of the charge exchange of H + and O + ions (Hamilton et al, 1988), precipitation of the ions that contribute to the ring current (Kozyra et al, 1998), and a rapid decrease in the plasma sheet ions (Ebihara and Ejiri, 2000) and pitch angle scattering in curved field lines (Ebihara et al, 2011). nT, based on the standard Dst index 7 (e.g., Stanislawska et al, 2018;Balan et al, 2019;Meng et al, 2019;Knipp et al, 2021;Hayakawa et al, 2022). As intense geomagnetic storms tend to occur more frequently around the spring equinox (Russell-McPherron effect;Russell and McPherron, 1973;Svalgaard, 2011;Balan et al, 2019), this storm (24 March) may have been benefitted from the chronological proximity with the spring equinox.…”

“…nT, based on the standard Dst index 7 (e.g., Stanislawska et al, 2018;Balan et al, 2019;Meng et al, 2019;Knipp et al, 2021;Hayakawa et al, 2022). As intense geomagnetic storms tend to occur more frequently around the spring equinox (Russell-McPherron effect;Russell and McPherron, 1973;Svalgaard, 2011;Balan et al, 2019), this storm (24 March) may have been benefitted from the chronological proximity with the spring equinox.…”

“…However, despite its significance, the lack of Dst index data for the 1940s makes a quantitative analysis a challenge (Balan et al, 2019). Such extreme geomagnetic storms (including this storm) have frequently been recorded incompletely, as their extraordinary magnitudes exceed the recording range of early magnetograms (Love et al, 2019a).…”

Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) Malaysia: Installation and Performance Analysis of Local Data Logger with Kyushu University Data Logger at USM Transkrian, Pulau Pinang

“…The magnetic field fluctuation caused by solar activities in Malaysia might cause the generation of Geomagnetic Induced Current (GIC), which is harmful to electrical appliances, etc. [9], [21]. Based on the GIC current measurement at the low latitude region, the GIC value ranges between 1A to 30A.…”