Impact of solar radiation and environmental temperature on Art Nouveau glass windows

Abstract

This work presents the results of the evaluation of two Art Nouveau glass windows from the Casa-Museu Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves (Lisbon, Portugal) with IR-thermography during the summer solstice. According to the measurements, the surface temperature of glass depended on the outdoor environmental temperature and, mainly, on the direct solar radiation. Colored glasses presented a higher surface temperature due to the absorption of their chromophores at near-IR wavelengths. Enamels and grisailles showed higher surface temperatures than their support glasses due to both their chemical composition and color. The protective glazing, with small slits in one of the window panels, induced a hot-air pocket in its upper part due to the insufficient ventilation.

Modernist enamels: Composition, microstructure and stability

“…This enhanced absorbance will produce an increase in the overall temperature of the enamel and also a thermal mismatch between particles, enamel glass and base glass. The differences in the thermal expansion coefficients between particles/enamel glass and between the enamel and the base glass are expected to give rise to the formation of cracks Finally, supporting our data, recent studies using Infrared Thermography have shown that dark enamels and grisailles show an increase of the temperature 40% higher than those of the transparent glass [38,39] and about 20% higher than other colour enamels.…”

Comparison of four mobile, non‐invasive diagnostic techniques for differentiating glass types in historical leaded windows: MA‐XRF, UV–Vis–NIR, Raman spectroscopy and IRT

“…Infrared thermography has been used for a variety of art inspection and conservation cases, [ 24,25 ] including a few applications on glass materials, mostly stained‐glass windows. [ 26–30 ] The technique has proven effective in mapping the surface alteration features of archaeological glass, [ 26 ] and in distinguishing for example, soda‐lime base glass and applied lead‐glass paint in stained glass windows due to differences in heat accumulation. [ 30 ]…”

“…[ 26–30 ] The technique has proven effective in mapping the surface alteration features of archaeological glass, [ 26 ] and in distinguishing for example, soda‐lime base glass and applied lead‐glass paint in stained glass windows due to differences in heat accumulation. [ 30 ]…”

Cluster Analysis of IR Thermography Data for Differentiating Glass Types in Historical Leaded-Glass Windows

“…Until now, relatively few studies reported the use of IRT for inspecting stained glass windows. Existing publications focus on the adhesion of glass paints [4,17], manufacturing defects [18] or discuss the comparative thermal behavior of the various materials present, such as enamels, grisailles, lead cames, and welds [18][19][20]. The reported methods for data analysis are visual inspections of the thermograms [4,[17][18][19][20], temperature plots [17,19,20] and principal component analysis (PCA ) [18].…”

“…Existing publications focus on the adhesion of glass paints [4,17], manufacturing defects [18] or discuss the comparative thermal behavior of the various materials present, such as enamels, grisailles, lead cames, and welds [18][19][20]. The reported methods for data analysis are visual inspections of the thermograms [4,[17][18][19][20], temperature plots [17,19,20] and principal component analysis (PCA ) [18]. Higher order statistical analysis of the thermograms has also been used successfully on other historical glasses to detect degradation due to ageing [21,22].…”