Impact of severe forest dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on macrofungal diversity in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia

Anderson, P.; Brundrett, Mark; Grierson, Pauline F.; Robinson, R. M.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.015

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…In south-west Western Australia, over 3500 plant species, many of which are endemic, are susceptible to P. cinnamomi. P. cinnamomi is responsible for dramatic changes to the composition of plant communities over vast areas and threatens macrofungal and bird biodiversity in this region (Anderson et al, 2010;Davis et al, 2014). In South Africa, sclerophyllous shrubs in the Agathosma genus are part of the Cape Floral Kingdom, a small region in terms of land area, but an area which has the greatest known species richness (Cowling et al, 1996).…”

Section: Geographical and Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora cinnamomi

Hardham

Blackman

2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

187

184

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A root pathogen which causes rotting of fine and fibrous roots, but which can also cause stem cankers. Root damage may inhibit water movement from roots to shoots, leading to dieback of young shoots. USEFUL WEBSITES: http://fungidb.org/fungidb/; http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phyci1/Phyci1.home.html; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314365.1; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314505.1.

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Section: Geographical and Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora cinnamomi

Hardham

Blackman

2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

187

184

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“…Phytophthora species are often being implicated in tree declines around the world, such as the oak decline in Austria (Balci & Halmschlager, ), Eucalyptus crown dieback in New Zealand (Dick, Dobbie, Cooke, & Brasier, ), Quercus ilex (Corcobado, Cubera, Moreno, & Solla, ; Jung, ; de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo‐Alves, da Clara, & de Almeida Ribeiro, ) and English walnut decline in Europe (Vettraino, Belisario, Maccaroni, & Vannini, ), beech decline in Central Europe and the Austrocedus chilensis mortality in Argentina (Greslebin, Hansen, & Sutton, ). The genus Phytophthora also has a long history in SWWA, where it has been cited many times as the cause of Phytophthora dieback in many endemic plant species (Anderson, Brundrett, Grierson, & Robinson, ; Bunny, ; Hüberli, Tommerup, Colquhoun, & Hardy, ; Scott, Barber, Calver, Hardy, & Shearer, ; Scott et al., ; Shearer, Crane, & Cochrane, ; Simamora, Stukely, Barber, Hardy, & Burgess, ). Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) trees were reported as dying as early as 1921 (Wallace & Hatch, ), but it was not until 1964 that Phytophthora cinnamomi was identified as the cause of the dieback in E. marginata (Podger, Doepel, & Zentmeyer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…English walnut decline in Europe (Vettraino, Belisario, Maccaroni, & Vannini, 2003), beech decline in Central Europe and the Austrocedus chilensis mortality in Argentina (Greslebin, Hansen, & Sutton, 2007). The genus Phytophthora also has a long history in SWWA, where it has been cited many times as the cause of Phytophthora dieback in many endemic plant species (Anderson, Brundrett, Grierson, & Robinson, 2010;Bunny, 1996; F I G U R E 1 (a, b) Corymbia calophylla displaying cracks and putative early canker development. The presence of kino indicates the tree is responding to a stress agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean‐type tree species

et al. 2018

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Summary Corymbia calophylla (marri), a keystone tree species in the global biodiversity hot spot of southwestern Australia, is suffering decline and mortality associated with a canker disease caused by the endemic fungus Quambalaria coyrecup. Phytophthora species are frequently isolated from the rhizosphere of C. calophylla, and a hypothesis is that Phytophthora root infection is predisposing C. calophylla to this endemic canker pathogen. Field surveys were conducted in both anthropogenically disturbed and undisturbed C. calophylla stands, from where a total of 100 rhizosphere soil samples, from both healthy and cankered trees, were collected. Phytophthora species were isolated from 26% of the samples collected, with Phytophthora incidence significantly higher on disturbed stands than in natural forests (73% and 27%, respectively). Five Phytophthora species were recovered, including P. cinnamomi, P. elongata, P. multivora, P. pseudocryptogea and P. versiformis. Under‐bark inoculations with the Phytophthora isolates caused significant lesion lengths in excised C. calophylla stems. Corymbia calophylla response to pot infestation trials in the glasshouse varied between Phytophthora species and isolates, with isolates of P. cinnamomi and P. multivora causing a significant reduction in seedling root volume and often leading to seedling death. This study demonstrates that root disease caused by Phytophthora species, especially P. cinnamomi and P. multivora, has the ability to adversely affect C. calophylla health. This study leads the way to do a dual inoculation trial with the canker pathogen Q. coyrecup, and different Phytophthora species to investigate if Phytophthora root infection predisposes C. calophylla to this canker disease.

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“…), and Dutch elm disease ( Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau), respectively (McBride, 1973; Houston, 1975; Barnes, 1976; Huenneke, 1983; Twery & Patterson, 1984; Myers, Walck & Blum, 2004; Lovett et al, 2006); changes in faunal (Wills, 1993) and macrofungal diversity (Anderson et al, 2010), and functional diversity of soil bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling (Cai et al, 2010) following loss of Eucalyptus to Phytophthora outbreaks in Australia; bottom-up control by Populus spp. of associated herbivorous arthropod populations, which in turn mediates how insectivorous birds influence future tree growth in the southwestern United States (Bridgeland et al, 2010); and the dependence of benthic biological diversity, productivity, and nutrient cycling on a handful of species in mangrove forests ( e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundation species loss affects vegetation structure more than ecosystem function in a northeastern USA forest

Orwig

Plotkin

Davidson

et al. 2013

PeerJ

107

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Loss of foundation tree species rapidly alters ecological processes in forested ecosystems. Tsuga canadensis, an hypothesized foundation species of eastern North American forests, is declining throughout much of its range due to infestation by the nonnative insect Adelges tsugae and by removal through pre-emptive salvage logging. In replicate 0.81-ha plots, T. canadensis was cut and removed, or killed in place by girdling to simulate adelgid damage. Control plots included undisturbed hemlock and mid-successional hardwood stands that represent expected forest composition in 50–100 years. Vegetation richness, understory vegetation cover, soil carbon flux, and nitrogen cycling were measured for two years prior to, and five years following, application of experimental treatments. Litterfall and coarse woody debris (CWD), including snags, stumps, and fallen logs and branches, have been measured since treatments were applied. Overstory basal area was reduced 60%–70% in girdled and logged plots. Mean cover and richness did not change in hardwood or hemlock control plots but increased rapidly in girdled and logged plots. Following logging, litterfall immediately decreased then slowly increased, whereas in girdled plots, there was a short pulse of hemlock litterfall as trees died. CWD volume remained relatively constant throughout but was 3–4× higher in logged plots. Logging and girdling resulted in small, short-term changes in ecosystem dynamics due to rapid regrowth of vegetation but in general, interannual variability exceeded differences among treatments. Soil carbon flux in girdled plots showed the strongest response: 35% lower than controls after three years and slowly increasing thereafter. Ammonium availability increased immediately after logging and two years after girdling, due to increased light and soil temperatures and nutrient pulses from leaf-fall and reduced uptake following tree death. The results from this study illuminate ecological processes underlying patterns observed consistently in region-wide studies of adelgid-infested hemlock stands. Mechanisms of T. canadensis loss determine rates, magnitudes, and trajectories of ecological changes in hemlock forests. Logging causes abrupt, large changes in vegetation structure whereas girdling (and by inference, A. tsugae) causes sustained, smaller changes. Ecosystem processes depend more on vegetation cover per se than on species composition. We conclude that the loss of this late-successional foundation species will have long-lasting impacts on forest structure but subtle impacts on ecosystem function.

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Impact of severe forest dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on macrofungal diversity in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Phytophthora cinnamomi

Phytophthora cinnamomi

Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean‐type tree species

Foundation species loss affects vegetation structure more than ecosystem function in a northeastern USA forest

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