Impact of Selenium Deficiency on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Phagocytosis in Mouse Macrophages

Xu, Jun; Gong, Yafan; Sun, Yue; Cai, Jingzeng; Liu, Qi; Bao, Jun; Yang, Jie; Zhang, Ziwei

doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01775-7

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…COVID-19 is more prevalent and more severe in older patients [25]. Low or marginal Se levels are more prevalent and have been reported to be associated with increased ICU admission rates [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between serum selenium, zinc, and COVID-19 severity: an observational study

et al. 2021

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Background Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. Two of the well-known immunonutrients are selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). Se and Zn deficiency might lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral entry into the cells by decreasing ACE-2 expression; three factors that are proposed to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Thus, in the current study we aimed at evaluating the correlation between serum Se and Zn status and COVID-19 severity. Methods Eighty-four COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this observational study. Patients were diagnosed based on an infectious disease specialist diagnosis, using WHO interim guidance and the recommendations of the Iranian National Committee of Covid-19. The patients with acute respiratory tract infection symptoms were checked for compatibility of chest computed tomography (CT) scan results with that of Covid-19 and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for corona virus infection. The severity of Covid-19 was categorized into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) using CDC criteria. Serum Zn and Se level of all subjects was measured. The severity of the disease was determined only once at the onset of disease. Results According to the results of linear regression test, there was a significant association between Zn and Se level and COVID-19 severity (β = − 0.28, P-value = 0.01 for Se; β = − 0.26, P-value = 0.02). However the significance disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant negative association between serum Zn, Se and CRP level (r = − 0.35, P-value = 0.001 for Se; r = − 0.41, P-value < 0.001 for Zn). Conclusion Results suggest that increasing levels of Se and Zn were accompanied by a decrease in serum CRP level. However, the significant association between Se, Zn, and disease severity was lost after adjusting for confounding factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between serum selenium, zinc, and COVID-19 severity: an observational study

et al. 2021

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“…In a swine study, the neutrophils from selenium-deficient animals exhibited decreased phagocytic activity as compared to control animals [68]. In mice peritoneal macrophage, selenium deficiency-induced excess oxygen free radicals, decreased phagocytic capacity, weakened antioxidant capacity and increased the expression of inflammation markers including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, IL-12, IL-10, prostaglandin E synthase (PTGE) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) [69]. Thus, it appears that under seleniumdeficient conditions, cells have reduced ability to phagocytose and eliminate the invading virus.…”

Section: Selenium Is a Potent Immunonutrient Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic Link Between Selenium and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Khatiwada

Subedi

2021

Curr Nutr Rep

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Purpose of Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease caused by a highly contagious virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and this disease has affected millions of people across the world and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Nutrition is a key factor related to this disease, and nutritional status may determine the risk and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Selenium is one of the major trace elements required for redox functions and has significant roles in viral infections. The purpose of this review was to examine the current evidence on the role of selenium in COVID-19. We reviewed studies on selenium and COVID-19, and other relevant studies to understand how selenium status can modify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how selenium status might affect a person post-infection. Recent Findings We found that oxidative stress is a characteristic feature of COVID-19 disease, which is linked with the immunopathological disorder observed in individuals with severe COVID-19. Selenium plays a key role in strengthening immunity, reducing oxidative stress, preventing viral infections and supporting critical illness. Moreover, selenium deficiency is related to oxidative stress and hyperinflammation seen in critical illness, and selenium deficiency is found to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. Summary Selenium supplementation at an appropriate dose may act as supportive therapy in COVID-19. Future studies in large cohorts of COVID-19 are warranted to verify the benefits of selenium supplementation for reducing risk and severity of COVID-19.

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“…In mice inoculated with Influenza A, selenium deficiency led to higher rates of macrophage infiltration of the lungs than in selenium-replete mice [ 80 ]. In one recent murine study, selenium deficiency was shown to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis directly and promote NF-κB-mediated inflammation [ 81 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and selenoproteins in viral infection with potential relevance to COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Selenium is a trace element essential to human health largely because of its incorporation into selenoproteins that have a wide range of protective functions. Selenium has an ongoing history of reducing the incidence and severity of various viral infections; for example, a German study found selenium status to be significantly higher in serum samples from surviving than non-surviving COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, a significant, positive, linear association was found between the cure rate of Chinese patients with COVID-19 and regional selenium status. Moreover, the cure rate continued to rise beyond the selenium intake required to optimise selenoproteins, suggesting that selenoproteins are probably not the whole story. Nonetheless, the significantly reduced expression of a number of selenoproteins, including those involved in controlling ER stress, along with increased expression of IL-6 in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells in culture suggests a potential link between reduced selenoprotein expression and COVID-19-associated inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the history of selenium in viral infections and then go on to assess the potential benefits of adequate and even supra-nutritional selenium status. We discuss the indispensable function of the selenoproteins in coordinating a successful immune response and follow by reviewing cytokine excess, a key mediator of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19, and its relationship to selenium status. We comment on the fact that the synthetic redox-active selenium compound, ebselen, has been found experimentally to be a strong inhibitor of the main SARS-CoV-2 protease that enables viral maturation within the host. That finding suggests that redox-active selenium species formed at high selenium intake might hypothetically inhibit SARS-CoV-2 proteases. We consider the tactics that SARS-CoV-2 could employ to evade an adequate host response by interfering with the human selenoprotein system. Recognition of the myriad mechanisms by which selenium might potentially benefit COVID-19 patients provides a rationale for randomised, controlled trials of selenium supplementation in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Impact of Selenium Deficiency on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Phagocytosis in Mouse Macrophages

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

The correlation between serum selenium, zinc, and COVID-19 severity: an observational study

The correlation between serum selenium, zinc, and COVID-19 severity: an observational study

A Mechanistic Link Between Selenium and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Selenium and selenoproteins in viral infection with potential relevance to COVID-19

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