Impact of Seed Storage Environment on Field Emergence of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivars

Abstract

Late-maturing peanut cultivars including DP-1, C-99R, Hull, Georgia-01R, and Florida MDR-98 (Arachis hypogaea L.) have improved resistance to late leaf spot, white mold, and tomato spotted wilt virus. The improved disease resistances offer potential cost savings for farmers. However, poor field emergence resulted in unacceptable plant stands and caused commercial seed companies to stop producing Florida MDR-98, DP-1, and Hull even though germination tests usually showed acceptable germination. Reduced field emergence seldom occurs when seed of these cultivars is grown, harvested, and stored in small batches in research storage facilities. To determine the effect of storage environment, pods of four cultivars were stored in four environments and the seeds were subjected to standard germination tests and immediately followed by field emergence evaluations. Cultivar affected both field emergence and germination. Storage environment affected field emergence, and to a lesser extent, germination (P50.0847). Peanut pods stored in a traditional peanut warehouse experienced elevated temperature and relative humidity compared to seeds stored in climate controlled facilities and those seed had reduced field emergence. There was a cultivar by storage environment interaction. Field emergence was maintained when seed was stored where temperature was below 16 C and relative humidity (RH) was less than 70%. This work suggests that seed vigor of the cultivars like DP-1 and Hull deteriorates faster than that of other cultivars when stored in commercial warehouses even though germination tests indicate that the seed should produce satisfactory plant stands.

Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de amendoim durante o processo de produção

“…Além da baixa qualidade sanitária, outros fatores podem afetar a qualidade dos lotes, como a falta de uniformidade na maturação das sementes (Carley et al, 2008;Branch et al, 2010), a ocorrência de chuvas durante a "cura" (Santos et al, 2013a), os danos oriundos de ataque de insetos (Santos et al, 2013b), os problemas técnicos na colheita, secagem e beneficiamento (Lopes et al, 2011) e a falta de monitoramento da qualidade durante as etapas de produção (Morton et al, 2008). A identificação de falhas nestas etapas, que podem causar redução do desempenho das sementes, é de primordial importância para o sucesso da produção de sementes.…”

“…O efeito das etapas de beneficiamento sobre as sementes de amendoim não está totalmente esclarecido, pois, muitos fatores podem afetar a qualidade delas (Morton et al, 2008) e, em alguns casos, podemse beneficiar sementes que já vieram do campo com baixa qualidade fisiológica e sanitária. Assim, são necessários estudos quanto à produção de sementes de amendoim, que possam contribuir para o aumento da eficiência dos processos da colheita ao beneficiamento.…”

Genotypic Variability in Calcium Concentration of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds

“…while low Ca and poor emergence may be related to leaf spot resistance in genotypes derived from this PI, genotypes with poor emergence and poor resistance may be present in this germplasm more generally. It is not known whether Georgia-06G may be such a genotype, but without careful evaluation of field emergence in peanut breeding programs, such cultivars could be released and their propensity for poor emergence would not be discovered until commercial production commenced, as has occurred with the leaf spot resistant cultivars (Morton et al, 2008). In addition to resistant cultivars derived from PI 203396, this study included several resistant, late maturing genotypes from the USAID Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (P-CRSP), which derive their resistance from the cultivar Bayo Grande (B.L.…”

“…Genotypic variation has been reported for seed Ca concentration, most often related to seed size, with larger seeded lines having lower concentrations. It has been shown that Virginia peanuts (a “market type” of peanut with large pods and seeds, used predominantly for roasted in‐shell peanuts) require more Ca than smaller seeded market types (Middleton et al, 1945; Walker, 1975; Walker and Keisling, 1978; Cox et al, 1982; Gaines et al, 1989) and it is routine to fertilize Virginia type cultivars with gypsum to supply that need. The differences in Ca concentration between seed of runner and Virginia peanuts are believed to be due to differences in the ratio of surface area to volume of the fruit.…”

“…Although these varieties demonstrated leaf spot resistance, their production was limited by poor field emergence that resulted in unacceptable plant stands in commercial production. As a result, commercial seed companies discontinued production of these varieties (Morton et al, 2008). Poor commercial performance of these cultivars highlights the need to develop varieties with superior resistance to leaf spot that will succeed in the market.…”