Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa production in Cameroon

Ndoumbè-Nkeng, M.; Cilas, Christian; Nyemb, E.; Nyassé, Salomon; Bieysse, Daniel; Flori, Albert; Sache, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2003.09.010

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Investment on its control demands a long-term plan, because it is very difficult to remove this pathogen from a given area, due to its ability to survive in soil and infected plant parts (Evans & Prior 1987). Chemical, genetic and cultural practices have been used to control this disease, but none has provided a sufficiently and economically efficient, and/or environmentally friendly method for desired results (Holderness 1992;Luz & Silva 2001;Ndoumbe-Nkeng et al 2004). From an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) perspective, additional methods are certainly required and, in this context, biological control of Phytophthora spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic fungal diversity in Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu) trees and their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of black-pod disease

Hanada

Pomella²,

Costa³

et al. 2010

Fungal Biology

130

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic fungal diversity in Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu) trees and their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of black-pod disease

Hanada

Pomella²,

Costa³

et al. 2010

Fungal Biology

130

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“…Among the parasitic constraints, Black Pod Disease (BPD) caused by several Phytophthora species has been the worst threat of cacao in West and Central Africa (Opoku et al, 2000). Reports have shown that in Cameroon, the BPD caused by Phytophthora megakarya is the highest threat; and losses of up to 50 -80% of cocoa beans have been reported (Ndoumbe-Nkeng et al, 2004). This disease reduces the yield and quality of the product, and also increases the cost of production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to prevent these losses due to P. megakarya infection, different strategies have been developed. Chemical control using metalaxyl and copperbased fungicides has been reported to be the most effective strategy to reduce the impact of BPD in nurseries and in farms (Ndoumbe-Nkeng et al, 2004;Sonwa et al, 2008). However, application of fungicides can have drastic effects on the consumer and the environment (Naseby et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Tayo¹,

Ewane²,

Effa³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail shell at 2.0% increases the percentage of germination and also reduces the time of germination. 12 weeks after planting, a series of morphological changes was observed on the plants treated with chitosan and snail shell. Plant height (34 to 39.5 cm), leaf number (11 to 13 leaves/plant), leaf area (88 to 130 cm 2 ) and fresh weight of roots and shoots (25 to 44 g/plant) increased significantly in the chitosan and snail shell treated soils. Pods inoculated with chitosan and/or snail shell treated soil suspensions presented very slight necrotic lesions. This could be linked to a decrease in the P. megakarya load of the soil suspension. Leaf inoculation showed variation among the treatments with the lowest index (highest level of resistance) recorded in plants treated either with chitosan or snail shell. The treatment of plants with chitosan and snail shell powder before and after inoculation showed higher level of phenolic compounds than in the control plants. Furthermore, the inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proteins in the cocoa plants treated with chitosan and snail shell. The level of proteins accumulation after inoculation was higher in plants treated with snail shell than those treated with chitosan. In conclusion, the effect of snail shell on cocoa growth and resistance showed that it is possible for snail shell powder to be a biofungicide and biofertilizer used in the control of cacao Black Pod Disease in nurseries.

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“…(Guest, 2007). Farmers use of shade management, phytosanitation, pesticides, and tolerant cultivars have had limited impact on managing black pod rot (Bowers et al, 2001;Ndoumbe-Nkeng, 2004). Pesticides can be effective, but are costly and can pose a health risk for farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Trichoderma from Aceh Sumatra reduce Phytophthora lesions on pods and cacao seedlings

et al. 2015

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Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa production in Cameroon

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

Endophytic fungal diversity in Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu) trees and their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of black-pod disease

Endophytic fungal diversity in Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu) trees and their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of black-pod disease

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Trichoderma from Aceh Sumatra reduce Phytophthora lesions on pods and cacao seedlings

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