Impact of Red Yeast Rice on Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action

Ju, Hu; Wang, Jin; Gan, Qingxia; Ran, Qian; Lou, Guanhua; Xiong, Haijun; Peng, Chao; Sun, Jie; Yao, Renchuan; Huang, Qinwan

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01893

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The meridian tropism of red yeast rice is the meridian of the large intestine, spleen, and liver [ 29 ]. Modern pharmacology has shown that red yeast rice exerts potential protective effects on the liver, pancreas, blood vessels, and intestines [ 2 ], which matches the functions to the meridians of the liver, stomach, heart, and small intestine, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study have reference significance for the treatment of diseases related to stomach, heart, and small intestine meridians by red yeast rice beyond the meridian of the large intestine, spleen, and liver [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As traditional Chinese medicinal material with dual functions of medicine and food, red yeast rice has been widely applied in food coloring, fermentation, cholesterol reduction, and other aspects [ 1 ]. In addition, the red yeast rice contains many bioactive substances, including multiple ketone isoflavones, plant sterols, and unsaturated fatty acids and [ 2 ]. The effect of red yeast rice cholesterol mainly comes from the monacolin K composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Meridian Tropism and Classification of Red Yeast Rice Investigated by Monitoring Dermal Electrical Potential

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Red yeast rice is a traditional Chinese medicine and food that has been purported to color food, ferment, and lower cholesterol. In order to study the antioxidative capacity of red yeast rice and the effects on electrical potential difference (EPD) of 12 acupuncture meridians, the pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), ABTS, FRAP, T-SOD, and particle size distribution of red yeast rice were analyzed. 20 volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, the red yeast rice group (10 g red yeast rice and 40 g water) and control CK group (50 g water). The left 12 acupuncture meridians’ EPD was real-time monitored. Samples were taken at the 10th minutes. The whole procedure continued for 70 minutes. It is shown that the pH value of the red yeast rice was 4.22, the ORP was 359.63 mV, the ABTS was 0.48 mmol Trolox, the FRAP was 0.08 mmol FeSO4, the T-SOD was 4.71 U, and the average particle size was 108 nm (7.1%) and 398.1 nm (92.9%). The results of 12 acupuncture meridians’ EPD showed that the red yeast rice can significantly affect the EPD of stomach, heart, small intestine, and liver meridians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meridian Tropism and Classification of Red Yeast Rice Investigated by Monitoring Dermal Electrical Potential

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…M. koenigii and M. minutum reduce the number of medications needed to treat many metabolic and non-communicable diseases, including diabetics, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The majority of metabolic and non-communicable diseases are linked with higher mortality and morbidity rates [ 13 ]. Therefore, Nowadays, the research interests are more focused on evaluating the bioactivities of Natural products from herbal sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical screening, total polyphenol, flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Sri Lankan varieties of Murraya koenigii and Micromelum minutum leaves

Abeysinghe

Kumara

Kaushalya

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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The use of plant materials in traditional medicine as a significant ingredient in synthesizing drugs in the form of decoctions had played a vital role due to their potential therapeutic action. The curry leaves, Murraya koenigii, and Micromelum minutum are two most common aromatic herbs widespread in Sri Lanka and many other Asian countries. They are rich in nutrition and exert several medicinal properties such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic due to various essential phytochemicals, minerals, and trace minerals. In this study, we determined the proximate composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenol (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antibacterial activity in both species using standard methods. Results showed that both species varied greatly in nutritional composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The nutrient composition in terms of ash, crude protein, and fat was significantly high in M. koenigii based on dry weight basis. In vitro antioxidant potential of M. koenigii and M. minutum was evaluated by means of the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the IC 50 values of M. koenigii and M. minutum were 107 AE 2 μg/mL and 208 AE 4 μg/mL, respectively. The TPC and TFC of M. koenigii were 101 AE 1 mg GAE/g and 9.75 AE 0.05 mg QE/g, and M. minutum were 80 AE 2 mg GAE/g and 9.16 AE 0.02 mg QE/g respectively. The antibacterial study was assessed against three bacterial strains. The study showed the highest inhibitory activity for M. koenigii and M. minutum against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The study indicated that M. koenigii possessed a significantly high TPC, and TFC correlated with higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity than M. minutum.

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“…Furthermore, research has showed that plant-based diets rich with medicinal herbs are low-risk interventions that lower body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and cholesterol levels. Therapeutic herbs may also reduce the number of medications needed to treat many metabolic and noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and the majority of metabolic and noncommunicable diseases are linked with higher mortality and morbidity rates [ 5 ]. Curry leaves are the most common herb used in Asia with enormous nutritive and pharmacological benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive Importance and Therapeutics Uses of Three Different Varieties (Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, and Clausena indica) of Curry Leaves: An Updated Review

Abeysinghe

Alwis

Kumara

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii), Micromelum minutum (M. minutum), and Clausena indica (C. indica) are three varieties of curry leaves in the family Rutaceae. They have been widely used in Ayurvedic medicine worldwide in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Earlier findings provide strong evidence to support the three curry leaf species’ potent pharmaceutical and biological effects, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Various parts of these plants, such as leaves, seeds, flowers, and fruit, contain constituents responsible for the modulation of numerous biological processes. Leading constituents of curry leaves play a crucial role in diabetic and anticancer management by regulating various molecular pathways, including Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, and TNFα, according to in vitro and in vivo models established. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on research achievements made in terms of phytoconstituents, their structures, biological activities, and pharmacological actions with clinical studies of curry leaves up to date. The review also emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive research studies on the pharmacological actions and the mechanisms of selected phytochemicals of M. koenigii, M. minutum, and C. indica to validate their efficacy as potent herbal remedies for many ailments.

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Impact of Red Yeast Rice on Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action

Cited by 22 publications

References 79 publications

The Meridian Tropism and Classification of Red Yeast Rice Investigated by Monitoring Dermal Electrical Potential

The Meridian Tropism and Classification of Red Yeast Rice Investigated by Monitoring Dermal Electrical Potential

Phytochemical screening, total polyphenol, flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Sri Lankan varieties of Murraya koenigii and Micromelum minutum leaves

Nutritive Importance and Therapeutics Uses of Three Different Varieties (Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, and Clausena indica) of Curry Leaves: An Updated Review

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