Impact of reclaimed water irrigation on antibiotic resistance in public parks, Beijing, China

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe abundance and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils from six parks using reclaimed water in Beijing, China, were characterized. Three classes of commonly used antibiotics (tetracycles, quinolones, and sulfonamides) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The highest concentrations of tetracyclines and quinolones were 145.2 mg kg À1 and 79.2 mg kg À1 , respectively. Detected tetG, tetW, sulI, and sulII genes were quantified by quantitative PCR. ARGs exhibited various abundances for different park soils. The integrase gene (intI1) as an indicator of horizontal gene transfer potential was also detected in high abundance, and had significant positive correlation with tetG, sulI, and sulII genes, suggesting that intI1 may be involved in ARGs dissemination. Both sulII and intI1 clones had high homology with some classes of pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, Shigella flexneri, which could trigger potential public health concern.

Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended soil and vegetables at harvest

“…PCR detection assays were performed as previously described [20]. Primers and annealing temperatures are described in Table S1.…”

“…The extraction procedures for tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and their degradation products in soils followed methods described before with some modification [20]. LC-MS/MS was used to separate and detect the antibiotics [22].…”

Antibiotic resistance in urban aquatic environments: can it be controlled?

“…While some studies suggest that ARG in soils do not vary significantly due to irrigation with treated wastewater, others demonstrate that at least some genes tend to accumulate in soils after a continued exposure to wastewater (Negreanu et al 2012;Wang et al 2014;Becerra-Castro et al 2015). Another potential risk for the dissemination of ARB&ARG is the use of sewage sludge for agriculture soil fertilization, which has been suggested as presenting a high potential of spreading through both soils and crops (Rahube et al 2014).…”

High Throughput Profiling of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Urban Park Soils with Reclaimed Water Irrigation

“…14−18 Due to rapid urbanization and the shortage of water, reclaimed water irrigation (RWI) in urban environment is becoming an important option. 19 However, the impact of RWI on ARGs in soils remains unclear. 20 The continuous release of residual antibiotics and ARGs from WWTPs effluent could result in the propagation and dissemination of ARGs in the downstream environment.…”