Impact of public transport and non-motorized transport infrastructure on travel mode shares, energy, emissions and safety: Case of Indian cities

Tiwari, Geetam; Jain, Deepty; Rao, K. Ramachandra

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.11.004

Cited by 81 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In many cities of developing nations, low income households are captive to nonmotorized or to cheaper alternatives and a significant number of individual travellers cannot afford subsidised public transport (Badami and Haider, 2007;Tiwari et al, 2016).…”

Section: Transport Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bicycle superhighway: An environmentally sustainable policy for urban transport

Agarwal

Ziemke

Nagel

2020

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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Bicycle is a sustainable low-carbon transport mode. However, insufficient or unplanned infrastructure leads to decrease in the share of bicycle in many cities of developing nations. In order to increase the bicycle share and to provide safer, faster and more direct routes, a bicycle superhighway is proposed for urban areas. This study identifies the potential of increase in the bicycle share. For maximum utilization of the new infrastructure, an algorithm is presented to identify the optimum number and locations of the connectors between proposed new infrastructure and existing network. Household income levels are incorporated into the decision making process of individual travellers for a better understanding of the modal shift. A real-world case study of Patna, India is chosen to show the application of the proposed superhighway. It is shown that for Patna, the bicycle share can escalate as high as 48% up from 32% by providing this kind of infrastructure. However, together with bicycles, allowing motorbikes on the superhighway limits the bicycle share to 44%. The increase in bicycle share is mainly a result of people switching from motorbike, public transport and walk to the bicycle. Further, to evaluate the benefits of the bicycle superhighway, this study first extends an emission modelling tool to estimate the time-dependent, vehicle-specific emissions under mixed traffic conditions. Allowing only bicyclists on the superhighway improves congested urban areas, reduces emissions, and increases accessibility. However, allowing motorbikes on the superhighway increases emissions significantly in the central part of the urban area and reduces accessibilities by bicycle mode to education facilities which are undesirable. This study elicits that a physically segregated high-quality bicycle superhighway will not only attract current noncyclist travellers and increase the share of the bicycle mode, but will also reduce negative transport externalities significantly.

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Section: Transport Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interaction with motorized traffic increases the real and perceived danger, and discomfort for walking and bicycling which is likely to reduce the NMT share (Jacobsen et al, 2009). Similar reasons have led to decline in the share of walk and bicycle modes in many cities of India (Tiwari et al, 2016).…”

Section: Sustainable Urban Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicycle superhighway: An environmentally sustainable policy for urban transport

Agarwal

Ziemke

Nagel

2020

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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“…However, public transport is one of the most important modes of mobility that is sustainable and serves people at a large scale. Specifically, low-income travelers walk/cycle or use public transport extensively (Rangwala et al 2014;Tiwari et al 2016), i.e., it is unlikely for them to travel for long-distance trips in the absence of public transport. At the same time, in the prevailing circumstances, public transport users are at high risk, which will stymie its operation.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Transport Operations After Lockdown: How to Make It Happen?

Suman

Agarwal

Bolia

2020

Trans Indian Natl. Acad. Eng.

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Lockdown in cities across the globe has imposed severe travel restrictions to limit the spread of Coronavirus disease. The travel behavior and operations will not be the same as before due to requirements such as physical (social) distancing. This study analyzes the resulting shortage in supply of public transport (buses) that will likely widen the existing gap between demand and supply. In this work, system optimization models are developed to efficiently reallocate the bus fleet to routes for different levels of physical distancing gaps and travel demand. The proposed models are applied to a real-life network of 34 bus routes of Delhi, considering three types of scenarios: current, practical, and ideal. In the practical scenarios, the additional, idling bus fleets can be allocated to the routes efficiently while maintaining physical distancing. The results show that the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario involving the current allocation approach will make it impossible to use public buses even if the bare minimum physical distancing has to be maintained. Further, the models proposed in the study significantly improve the key performance indicators for all scenarios.

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“…Most trips in cities across the globe are less than 10 km, and many are shorter than 5 km. In the Netherlands, over 50% of car trips are shorter than 7.5 km [24], and in medium-sized cities such as Rajkot and Visakhapatnam (1-2 million population) in India, nearly 80% of all trips are below 5 km [25]. Even in the United States, known for their relatively low density and sprawl, 35% of all car trips are less than 5 km and 60% are below 8 km [20].…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Electric Two-wheelers In Sustainable Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Two-Wheelers, Sustainable Mobility and the City

Bakker¹

2019

Sustainable Cities - Authenticity, Ambition and Dream

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Congestion, lack of accessibility, social equity, air pollution, as well as rising CO 2 emissions are some of the key issues urban transport policymakers face. Motorised twowheelers and their accessibility benefits are often ignored in this discourse or seen as undesirable for reasons of pollution, noise, road safety and driving behaviour. Cycling, on the other hand, is viewed positively, yet faces substantial social and political barriers, and is suitable mainly for shorter trips. This chapter explores the role electric two-wheelers (including pedelecs, e-mopeds and e-scooters) can play in urban vehicle ecosystems, using the sustainable mobility paradigm. Compared to traditional transport planning, this paradigm has a stronger focus on aspects such as accessibility, people, streets as a space, city liveability, as well as environmental impacts. The analysis is based on existing literature in the academic and policy realm and a comparison with other transport modes including motorcycles, bicycles, public transport and cars. It includes cases from China, Vietnam and the Netherlands, each of which have distinct mobility system characteristics. Possible policy instruments to facilitate further deployment of electric two-wheelers are discussed as well. This chapter thereby helps filling a gap in transport, sustainable development and climate change mitigation literature, in which electric two-wheelers have not been well covered to date.

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Impact of public transport and non-motorized transport infrastructure on travel mode shares, energy, emissions and safety: Case of Indian cities

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Bicycle superhighway: An environmentally sustainable policy for urban transport

Bicycle superhighway: An environmentally sustainable policy for urban transport

Public Transport Operations After Lockdown: How to Make It Happen?

Electric Two-Wheelers, Sustainable Mobility and the City

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