Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits

Abstract

Probiotics are known as living, nonpathogenic microorganisms that colonize the intestine and provide benefit to the host. The present study aims to measure one important energy metabolism-related enzyme activity in blood of rabbits fed on probiotics of recommended concentration. In addition, it also aims for the evaluation of the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Two groups of rabbits are used: control group receiving normal standardized diet and the other probiotic-supplemented group receiving the same diet containing probiotic, namely, Mega acidophilus (200 million cfu/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. The obtained results revealed that the rabbits supplemented with probiotics showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) when compared with control group. Risk factors detected by measuring TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios showed statistically significant decrease in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. In addition, blood glucose and total LDH activity were elevated in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. RT-PCR products of LDH-M gene produced two specific amplicons. One amplicon has the expected size of 243 bp from all samples of rabbits as revealed by GelPro software. The level of LDH-M expression was found to be increased in the probiotic-supplemented group. However, unexpected amplicons are produced at 586 bp in all the samples, which may be a dimeric form of the amplified region. It was concluded that this probiotic blend is beneficiary for the metabolic reactions of lipids in the body. Moreover, LDH expression level can be considered as a biomarker for the effect of probiotic and hence monitoring the metabolic changes as reflected from its administration.

Antioxidant status and hormonal profile reflected by experimental feeding of probiotics

“…We found a nonsignificant increase in fasting serum glucose accompanied with a significant elevation in leukocytic LDH activity in rabbits that received probiotic in their diet (Table 1). The same results were also obtained in our previous work using the same probiotic (Ghoneim and Moselhy, 2012) thus confirming the profound effect on blood glucose and LDH activity. The percentage of serum glucose increase reached to about 23% (although it is still statistically nonsignificant), while that of LDH activity reached more than twice the control group.…”

“…However, it was stated that supplementation of probiotics, inorganic selenium, or selenium-enriched probiotics to high fat diet of mice significantly alleviated the adverse effects of hyperlipidemia by reducing testicular tissue injury, increasing serum testosterone level, and improving sperm indexes (Ibrahim et al, 2012). The effect of probiotics to elevate testosterone level may be interpreted along with the hypocholesterolemic action of probiotics by metabolizing cholesterol to testosterone synthesis (Daniela et al, 2009;Ghoneim and Moselhy, 2012;Huey-Shi et al, 2009;Lay-Gaik and Min-Tze, 2010).…”

“…In addition to improving gut health, probiotics have also been documented to exert other health-promoting effects such as strengthening the immune system (Galdeano et al, 2007), antihypertensive effects (Yeo and Liong, 2010), prevention of cancer (Hirayama and Rafter, 2000), antioxidative effects (Songisepp et al, 2004), reduction of dermatitis symptoms (Weston et al, 2005), facilitation of mineral absorption (Scholz-Ahrens et al, 2007), amelioration of arthritis (Baharay et al, 2004), reduction of allergic symptoms (Ouwehand, 2007), and improvement of Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women (Falagas et al, 2006). Probiotics have also been studied for their cholesterol-lowering effects (Ghoneim, and Moselhy, 2012;Pereira, and Gibson, 2002).…”

Probiotics as beneficial agents in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

“…Three animal reports that were published in languages other than English were excluded as well [45][46][47]. Furthermore, two animal studies that included sample groups other than mice or rats were excluded [48,49]. One other study was excluded as it evaluated parameters of metabolic syndrome, which are not related to blood glucose or insulin impairments among obese patients [50].…”

Influence of Synbiotics on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters

“…Pacifici [ 59 ] proved that probiotic (L. reuteri) impacts estrogen or/and progesterone sensitive pathways in male mice that are fully active in adult females (insensitive to the bacterium). Many authors [ 60 – 63 ] claim that supplementation of probiotics with or without inulin increases serum testosterone level. This effect is associated with the hypocholesterolemic action of probiotics by metabolizing cholesterol to testosterone synthesis.…”